Lactoferrin and CXCR1 genes are involved in immune responses related to mastitis infection. In this study, the polymorphism and association of lactoferrin (LF) and CXCR1 genes with milk somatic cell counts, as an indicator for mastitis detection, were investigated in Guilan native cow (Taleshi breed) using DNA blood samples of 100 cows from three different geographical zones (west, center, and east of Guilan province). The LF gene with a 301 bp fragment and CXCR1 with a fragment of 311 bp were amplified through PCR by using their specific primers. Then LF polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was digested by EcoRI enzyme due to a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the related position (T>C) in intron 6 of LF and CXCR1 PCR product by BaeGI enzyme due to G > C SNP at position +735. Two alleles and three genotypes were observed for both genes in the studied populations. The observed genotypic frequencies of AA, AB, and BB were 52, 39, and 9% for LF and 67, 12, and 20% for CXCR1 locus, respectively. Three genotypes of LF locus were under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P˃0.05) but it was not for CXCR1 locus. The mean of somatic cell counts was 138 × 103/mL, much lower than the reported data of pure-bred and crossbred cattle. Although there was no significant association (p <0.05%) between LF genotypes and somatic cell score (SCS), there was a tendency for association (p <0.1). The CXCR1c.+735 genotype had a significant association (p <0.05) with SCS. Sampling from different regions did not show a significant effect on SCS. The fix effects including lactation month, age, and lactation number had also no significant effect on SCS of the studied native cow. Manuscript profile

RNA-sequencing is a new method of transcriptome characterization of organisms. Based on identity and relatedness, there are large genetic variations among different cattle breeds. The goal of the current study was to sequence the transcriptome of Guilan native cow and compare with available reference genome using RNA-sequencing method. Blood samples were collected from 14 Guilan native cows and then were pooled with same ratios of 3 micrograms per sample. Sequencing of the pooled sample was carried out using Illumina Hiseq 2000 from both end and 100 base pair of reading length. Tophat2 software was used to align the reads with reference genome and identify splice junctions and insertions and deletions. Cufflinks software was used to assemble transcripts and calculate their abundances. Total numbers of sequenced RNA fragments were 28434708 and the overall reading map was 87.4 percent. Total numbers of expressed genes were 24616 genes, which 19994 genes from these were protein coding genes and 3825 genes were non-coding. Adenosine triphosphate synthase 6 (ATP6) and ribosomal protein, large, P1 (RPLP1) genes showed the highest abundances of all expressed genes. The majority of highly expressed genes were involved in ribosomal structures and translational activities; moreover, they were belonging to housekeeping genes. The current study is a report of leukocytes transcriptome sequencing of Guilan native cow which have been not reported, so far. As Guilan native cow has the biggest population among all native populations in Iran, such studies could help to evaluate the genetic potential of this high precise genetic resource in Western Asia. Manuscript profile