In this research, the anomaly of flatfoot was initially introduced, followed by an examination of both traditional and new methods for designing and manufacturing orthotic insoles suitable for it. Regarding this matter, the design and construction of orthotic insoles using a stamp as a traditional method was introduced, and subsequently, the step-by-step elucidation of new methods, including foot scanning and the utilization of smart orthotic insoles in designing and manufacturing insoles suitable for flatfoot, was carried out. In both of these new methods, the design and construction of appropriate orthotic insoles involved the transfer of information obtained from the foot to relevant software and their subsequent processing. This research, while explaining the mentioned methods, described how to use engineering design software in designing and manufacturing orthotic insoles suitable for flatfoot. In conclusion, the results obtained from all three manufacturing methods were presented and compared to ascertain the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Manuscript profile

Electromechanical wrist hand orthosis1 is used under different conditions. It can be used for stabilitypurposes for a wide range of wrist movements. Do not bend the joints or prevent excessivepropagation. The materials used include low-temperature2 thermoplastic metal and thermoplasticsheets. To move the orthosis, a servomotor is used to move the wrist, which is controlled by theuser interface. Instead of expensive fittings, a simple aluminum watch joint has been used to makeit. To produce EWHO, first, the orthosis was designed by Inventor software. Depending on thewrist force, which is tolerable to the hand, this amount of force is analyzed on the sheets used inAbaqus software and Inverter software and analyzed for stress and ultimate stress. A Bluetoothboard controls the movements of the wrist according to the user's command in the app depending onthe type of user on the mobile or computer. The person or companion beside the person can helphim or her to adjust the orthosis. Depending on one's disability, the orthosis can be adjusted tovarying degrees and lead to one's recovery.The goal of this orthosis is to help patients withfunctional impairment in the wrist. Any type of functional disorder in his or her hand can result inthe loss of individual independence and thus a threat to his or her social independence. Manuscript profile