Today, germanium single-crystals are used as an infrared and semiconductor material in the manufacturing of infrared optical lenses and windows (thermal vision), gamma-ray detectors, and substrates for optoelectronic and electronic applications. Given that germanium is an optically brittle material with high brittleness and brittle failure that mainly affects the surface integrity of the machined part on this material; In this experimental study, by changing the rake angle and feed rate of the cutting tool, experiments were performed to determine the appropriate rake angles and suitable feed rates and their effects on the surface roughness and texture of the relevant surface for germanium turning in the dry state. The results show that with increasing the rake angle and decreasing the feed rate of the cutting tool, the surface roughness decreases, which reduces the surface damage to a considerable extent. The purpose of this experimental study is to create a surface with the desired quality in the machining process of the germanium optical part using ductile mode machining and to change the parameters of this process to control the configuration and dimensions of microstructures, micro-cracks, micro craters, and Surface pits. Manuscript profile

Material removal modes in brittle material machining are divided into two categories: ductile modes and brittle modes. Many believe that there is a clear difference between energy costs in these two cases. Spindle speed (SS) and feed rate are the effective parameters in the material machining process. It is tried to conduct experimental studies on the effect of low spindle speeds and high feed rates on the turning of brittle material in this paper. Also, the tool geometry is an important factor in turning brittle materials; so the rake angle of the turning tool was changed for dry machining of a single-crystal workpiece. The results show that the surface roughness decreases by increasing the spindle speed and decreasing the feed rate, which reduces the surface damage significantly. The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the effect of rotational speed and feed rate on surface roughness and surface texture in the lathe process of the workpiece using the ductile mode of machining and changes in the parameters of this process to control the configuration and dimensions of microstructures (micro craters, Surface pits, and micro-cracks). Manuscript profile