Coins are engraved metals like books full of historical, cultural, religious, and mythological information. They are also like written documents that can be analyzed through their motifs through symbolism, and they are the most important guide for researchers in recognizing and familiarizing themselves with religious beliefs in different historical periods. Therefore, studying the images and symbols on them opens a window to ancient periods for researchers. Due to its long reign, the Parthian is one of ancient Iran's most important critical periods. They minted many coins with various motifs. One of the symbols used is the pattern of a palm branch, which from the time of Phraates II can be seen as the reverse of the drama and tetradrachm coins of the Seleucid Mint. This study has investigated the symbol of palm branch in coins of Phraates II in the Seleucid Mint to realize political goals. These coins are kept in Reza Abbasi Museum in Tehran (Iran) and were purchased through private collectors. In this study, 250 Parthian coins were examined, among which 60 coins had palm motifs. The palm branch is considered a mythological plant common between Mesopotamia, and Greek. Parthian king, the branch palms were used as symbols for victory, under the cultural influence of the Seleucid and Mesopotamia. Manuscript profile

Mythological themes reflecting the worldview and ideology of ancient societies have various applications. One of the applications is for rituals, which have a symbolic dimension. As if these themes are repeated in different societies, they are classified as archetypes. The archetype is derived from Jung's psychological theories, which is revealed in the form of a symbol in the context of myth, epic, and dream. Since dream and myth are the same in nature and structure, this study investigated Dumuzid's dream to find out the origin of mythological rituals in the third millennium BC in Mesopotamia. This study was conducted by a descriptive analytical method using Jung's archetypal approach based on library studies, the results of which showed a relationship between the myth of Dumuzid and rituals of Mesopotamia society, and the story of vegetation gods connected with the rituals of spring and fertility in nature as the source of collective mourning ceremonies and celebrations held every year in their memory. In fact, the rituals are cultural phenomena left over from the agricultural and prehistoric times in ancient societies. Manuscript profile

Given the ever-increasing use of information and communication technology, this science can be employed to protect, organize, and disseminate scientific work, especially manuscripts and museum archives. A major breakthrough in this technology is the digitization of manuscripts, which is referred to as virtual restoration. In fact, the virtual restoration of paperwork is considered a preventive protection strategy. Therefore, virtual restoration plays a key role in the field of document archiving, museology, and protection and restoration of objects. This study aimed to improve the quality of paperwork in Malek Museum through editing applications such as Photoshop in order to remove the damaging factors to the paper structures of a page from the Jami version. For this purpose, the desk and field research methods were adopted. An available copy in Malek Museum was first examined to select a page from the Jami version for virtual restoration. The flaws in the designated page were fixed in Photoshop for virtual restoration. According to the findings, virtual restoration of damaged manuscripts preserved this paperwork. Hence, it is considered a major preventive measure. Moreover, virtual restoration can be used as a risk management strategy in the preventive conservation program, which allows for preservation and maintenance. By creating a virtual information bank, researchers can access the manuscripts with peace of mind in the shortest possible time. Manuscript profile

یافته های سفالی در کاوشهای باستان شناسی یکی از مهمترین داده های برای شناسایی دوره های فرهنگی محوطه های پیش از تاریخ جهت ارائه گاهنگاری نسبی این محوطه ها است. مطالعاتی که بر روی نقوش و فرم گونه های مختلف سفالی انجام می شود، می تواند چشم انداز دوره های فرهنگی را در مناطق مختلف مورد بررسی قرار دهد. کاوش های باستان شناختی قلعه اورارتویی بسطام در سال 1397 با همکاری دانشگاه ایسنبورگ به منظور تعیین حریم محوطه انجام شد که یافته های مهمی در این کاوش ها بدست آمد. از آنجایی که یکی از اهداف پژوهش های باستان شناختی مطالعه تغییرات فرهنگی است و یافته های باستان شناسی نشان می دهد که تغییرات فرهنگی در مواد باستان شناختی از جمله سفال قابل بررسی است. از اینرو مقاله حاضر برای شناسایی بهتر از قلعه بسطام و مستند نگاری مواد فرهنگی بدست آمده از این کاوش به طبقه بندی و گونه شناسی سفال های به دست آمده در این محوطه پرداخته است. نتایج نشان می دهد سفال های اورارتویی محوطه قلعه بسطام در طیفی از رنگ های قهوه ای، نخودی، خاکستری، صورتی و قرمز رنگ قرار دارند در این بین سفال های قرمز براق و قهوه ای رنگ به عنوان یکی از مشخصه های دوره اورارتو در تعداد زیادی از گمانه های کاوش شده بدست آمده که مقایسه سفال های محوطه های همزمان آنها در شمال غرب ایران و شرق ترکیه( قلعه آیانیس و یونجا تپه )، ارمنستان( کارمیربلور ) نشان از همگونی فرهنگی میان این مناطق است. Manuscript profile

One of the most important archaeological remains from the Sassanid period is the famous structures called Chahartaqi, which are related to religious beliefs and are considered part of religious architecture. The recognition of these buildings regarding the sacred fires erected in them is faced with ambiguities. Ilam Province is located in the western part of central Zagros, which has attracted the attention of archaeologists due to its proximity to Mesopotamia during the Sassanid period. Investigations carried out in various sites in this province indicate the existence of many fire temples and Chahartaqi structures, some of which have been introduced and some remain unknown. This research aims to introduce typologies of the fire temples and Chahartaqi buildings in Ilam Province to recognize the architectural style and pattern and their relationship with the sacred fires based on Zoroastrian religious texts. This research has used the documentary method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The results show that the Chahartaqi buildings in Ilam Province are divided into simple and compound Chahartaqi in terms of architectural pattern. Simple Chahartaqi consists of a square plan, four thick piers, four wide openings, and a domed roof, which, according to Zoroastrian religious books, belong to the Atesh Dadgah. Compound Chahartaqi consists of a square plan, a protected corridor for the fire, and corridors around the building that lead to the surrounding spaces, which were used for the residence of Mobeds and the maintenance of auxiliary equipment related to the fire temple Manuscript profile