The Middle East region accounts for the largest quota of the world's energy reserves, which is the reason for the interdependence between the world's largest industrial countries and the governments of this region. Given the known oil reserves of the Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region, the effect of energy consumption with a sample of five Arab countries as members of OPEC and oil producers of the Persian Gulf region on greenhouse gas emissions during 40 years (1980-2020) was investigated in this research. The energy production and consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of the target countries were studied to identify their contribution to energy production and consumption in the world. It was determined that these countries account for a significant share of climate change and global greenhouse gas emissions. The results show that approximately 34% of the global oil reserves and 22% of carbon dioxide (CO2) production belong to the five Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region. The largest and the lowest shares in CO2 production belong to Saudi Arabia and Kuwait among the five countries of the Persian Gulf region. Manuscript profile