Comparative Analysis of NO2, SO2, CO, HCHO, and Aerosol Concentrations in Shanghai and Dubai Using Satellite Imagery from NASA's Giovanni and Sentinel-5P within Google Earth Engine
Subject Areas : EnvironmentSadegh Mokhtarisabet 1 , Mohammad Morovati 2
1 -
2 - Department of GIS,, Lenjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
Keywords: Sentinel 5-P, Air Pollution Google Earth Engine, Comparative Analysis, NO2 and SO2 Concentrations ,
Abstract :
Background and objective: Air pollution is a critical environmental issue, particularly in urban areas. This study investigates the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde (HCHO), and aerosols in Shanghai and Dubai from 2012 to 2021. The primary objective is to analyze the spatial and temporal variations in these pollutants, utilizing satellite data from Sentinel-5P and NASA's Giovanni. Materials and methods: Using Google Earth Engine (GEE), we employed a robust methodological framework that integrated satellite imagery analysis with statistical modeling to assess the variations in air quality. Data was collected for both cities, focusing on seasonal patterns and pollution sources. Comparative analyses were conducted to understand the relationship between pollution levels and environmental factors. Results and conclusion: The results revealed that Shanghai consistently exhibited higher concentrations of pollutants compared to Dubai, correlating with its extensive industrial activities. Seasonal variations were significant, with increased levels during specific months. In contrast, Dubai's air quality was more stable, although a recent rise in SO₂ levels poses concerns. The findings underscore the necessity for tailored air quality management strategies in both cities, emphasizing the importance of ongoing monitoring, regulatory frameworks, and public awareness to mitigate pollution effectively.
Adanma, U. M., & Ogunbiyi, E. O. (2024). A comparative review of global environmental policies for promoting sustainable development and economic growth. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, 6(5), 954-977. https://doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v6i5.1147
Berlinger, B., Fehérvári, P., Kővágó, C., Lányi, K., Mátis, G., Mackei, M., & Könyves, L. (2024). There Is Still a Need for a Comprehensive Investigation of the Health Consequences of Exposure to Urban Air with Special Regard to Particulate Matter (PM) and Cardiovascular Effects. Atmosphere, 15(3), 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15030296
Cofano, A., Cigna, F., Santamaria Amato, L., Siciliani de Cumis, M., & Tapete, D. (2021). Exploiting Sentinel-5P TROPOMI and ground sensor data for the detection of volcanic SO2 plumes and activity in 2018–2021 at Stromboli, Italy. Sensors, 21(21), 6991. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21216991
Cheng, B., Ma, Y., Qin, P., Wang, W., Zhao, Y., Liu, Z., ... & Wei, L. (2024). Characterization of air pollution and associated health risks in Gansu Province, China from 2015 to 2022. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 14751. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-65584-2
Chen, X. H., Tee, K., Elnahass, M., & Ahmed, R. (2023). Assessing the environmental impacts of renewable energy sources: A case study on air pollution and carbon emissions in China. Journal of environmental management, 345, 118525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118525
Choi, S., Joiner, J., Choi, Y., Duncan, B. N., Vasilkov, A., Krotkov, N., & Bucsela, E. (2014). First estimates of global free-tropospheric NO 2 abundances derived using a cloud-slicing technique applied to satellite observations from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14(19), 10565-10588. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10565-2014
Dai, W., Wang, R., Zhong, H., Li, L., Zhang, Y., Li, J., ... & Tie, X. (2024). Impact of formaldehyde on ozone formation in Central China: Important role of biogenic emission in forest region. Science of The Total Environment, 949, 175182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175182
Dubovik, O., Schuster, G. L., Xu, F., Hu, Y., Bösch, H., Landgraf, J., & Li, Z. (2021). Grand challenges in satellite remote sensing. Frontiers in Remote Sensing, 2, 619818. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2021.619818
Elessawy, F. (2017). The boom: Population and urban growth of Dubai City. Horizons Hum. Soc. Sci, 2, 26-41.
Fan, J., Ju, T., Wang, Q., Gao, H., Huang, R., & Duan, J. (2021). Spatiotemporal variations and potential sources of tropospheric formaldehyde over eastern China based on OMI satellite data. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 12(1), 272-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2020.09.011
Filonchyk, M., Peterson, M. P., Zhang, L., & Yan, H. (2024). An analysis of air pollution associated with the 2023 sand and dust storms over China: Aerosol properties and PM10 variability. Geoscience Frontiers, 15(2), 101762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2023.101762
Fuentes, M., Millard, K., & Laurin, E. (2020). Big geospatial data analysis for Canada’s Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory (APEI): using google earth engine to estimate particulate matter from exposed mine disturbance areas. GIScience & Remote Sensing, 57(2), 245-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2019.1695407
Jung, C., Alqassimi, N., & El Samanoudy, G. (2022). The comparative analysis of the indoor air pollutants in occupied apartments at residential area and industrial area in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Frontiers in Built Environment, 8, 998858. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2022.998858
Kaplan, G., & Avdan, Z. Y. (2020). Space-borne air pollution observation from sentinel-5p tropomi: Relationship between pollutants, geographical and demographic data. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 5(3), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.644089
Kesti, J., Backman, J., O'Connor, E. J., Hirsikko, A., Asmi, E., Aurela, M., ... & Lihavainen, H. (2022). Aerosol particle characteristics measured in the United Arab Emirates and their response to mixing in the boundary layer. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 22(1), 481-503. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-481-2022
Lachatre, M., Foret, G., Laurent, B., Siour, G., Cuesta, J., Dufour, G., ... & Beekmann, M. (2020). Air quality degradation by mineral dust over Beijing, Chengdu and Shanghai Chinese megacities. Atmosphere, 11(7), 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070708
Liu, S., Tian, X., Xiong, Y., Zhang, Y., & Tanikawa, H. (2020). Challenges towards carbon dioxide emissions peak under in-depth socioeconomic transition in China: Insights from Shanghai. Journal of Cleaner Production, 247, 119083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119083
Malings, C. (2023, December). Satellite Data and Other NASA Resources for Air Quality Applications. In Regional Air Quality Planning Advisory Committee Meeting.
Pothirat, C., Chaiwong, W., Liwsrisakun, C., Bumroongkit, C., Deesomchok, A., Theerakittikul, T., ... & Phetsuk, N. (2019). Acute effects of air pollutants on daily mortality and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Journal of thoracic disease, 11(7), 3070.
Qu, Z., Henze, D. K., Li, C., Theys, N., Wang, Y., Wang, J., ... & Ren, X. (2019). SO₂ Emission Estimates Using OMI SO₂ Retrievals for 2005‐2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030243
Salama, D. S., Yousif, M., Gedamy, Y., Ahmed, H. M., Ali, M. E., & Shoukry, E. M. (2022). Satellite observations for monitoring atmospheric NO2 in correlation with the existing pollution sources under arid environment. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 8(3), 4103-4121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-022-01352-3
Strow, L. L., & DeSouza-Machado, S. (2020). Establishment of AIRS climate-level radiometric stability using radiance anomaly retrievals of minor gases and sea surface temperature. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 13(9), 4619-4644. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4619-2020
Tian, L., Li, Y., Shao, L., & Zhang, Y. (2017). Measuring spatio-temporal characteristics of city expansion and its driving forces in Shanghai from 1990 to 2015. Chinese Geographical Science, 27, 875-890. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-017-0883-9
Wang, Y., Cai, G., Yang, L., Zhang, N., & Du, M. (2022). Monitoring of urban ecological environment including air quality using satellite imagery. Plos one, 17(8), e0266759. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266759
Yan, Y., Li, Y., Sun, M., & Wu, Z. (2019). Primary pollutants and air quality analysis for urban air in China: evidence from Shanghai. Sustainability, 11(8), 2319. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082319