The effect of acid/cellulose ratio on the quality of Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) suspension
Subject Areas : Journal of NanoanalysisNasrin Shahmiri 1 , Nahid Hassanzadeh Nemati 2 , Ahmad Ramazani Saadatabadi 3 , Massoud Seifi 4
1 - Department of biomedical engineering, Islamic Azad University , Science and Research branch, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of biomedical engineering, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Atomic Force Microscopy, Acid hydrolysis, Dynamic Light Scattering, Cellulose Nanocrystal, Acid-to-cellulose ratio,
Abstract :
Cellulose nanocrystals are promising materials for application in biomedicine, pharmaceutical and food industry. There are various methods for CNC synthesis, but acid hydrolysis is the most common one. The optimization of acid hydrolysis process is still in progress. In the present study, different CNC suspensions were prepared to find out the more efficient acid ratio for CNC production. Whatman #1 filter paper was hydrolyzed via 64 wt% sulfuric acid at acid-to-paper ratio of 10:1 mL/g, 20:1 mL/g, 30:1 mL/g, and 40:1 mL/g. The synthesized CNCs were characterized by DLS, ELS and AFM. The suspensions with acid/cellulose ratio of 20:1 mL/g & 30:1 mL/g resulted in CNCs with more negative surface charge and uniform size. They also represented chiral nematic phase and regular self-organization after layer by layer deposition. It was found that the higher acid-to-paper ratio does not necessarily produce the high quality CNCs. Since the suspension that was prepared at acid/cellulose ratio of 40:1 mL/g had lower negative charge. The size and surface charge of CNCs are highly dependent to acid hydrolysis parameters and ultimately affect their behavior in nano-composites. In spite of many published papers around CNC synthesis by acid hydrolysis, there are still some details that must be addressed and investigated more to prepare the most efficient and applicable CNCs.
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