The effects of Selenium-Molybdenum interaction on contents of Photosynthetic Pigments in tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum Mill.)

Subject Areas : Genetic

زینب Goshehgir ¹ , R.A KhavariNezhad ² , سارا Sa'adatman ³

1 - Department of Biology, Islamic Azad Univ. Branch Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Biology, Islamic Azad Univ. Branch Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Biology, Islamic Azad Univ. Branch Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2009-08-02 Accepted : 2009-12-05 Published : 2010-06-15

Keywords: Toxicity, Tomato, selenium, Molybdenum, Heavy metals,

Abstract :

Selenium (Se) is not an essential nutritious element for plants; although, the element is absorbed by them. Molybdenum (Mo) is a trace element/heavy metal, a potential toxicant in plants and other organisms in high amounts. We investigated the effects of Se-Mo interactions on the contents of photosynthetic pigments in tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum Mill. Cv. Early Urbana111). Chlorophylls a and b, beta-carotene and xanthophylls were spectrophotometrically measured (Jenway, UK) in leaf extract samples. Dry weight was also recorded. Se showed no significant effect on shoot dry weight, but statistically significantly reduced root dry weight. Also, Se increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments. Mo had toxic effects as it linearly decreased total dry weight and significantly reduced the contents of leaf photosynthetic pigments. Se detoxified Mo at 1- and 2ppm levels. It was concluded that Se is able to improve Mo-related stress symptoms.

References:

خاوری‌نژاد، ر.ع. (1375) اصول آمار زیستی (ویرایش میکروکامپیوتر)، انتشارات امید، تهران. 252صفحه

خاوری‌نژاد، ر.ع. (1378) فیزیولوژی گیاهی عملی، انتشارات امید، تهران. 343صفحه

Arnon, D. (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts.Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology 24: 1-15.

Arvy M.P., Thiersault M., Doireau P. (1995) Relationship between selenium, micronutrients, carbohydrates, and alkaloid accumulation in Catharanthus roseus cells. Journal of Plant Nutrition 18: 1535–1546.

Badiello, F.G., and Fini, R.A. (2005) Interactions between different selenium compounds and zinc, cadmium and mercury. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 18:227-234

Ellis, D.R. and Salt, D.E. (2007) Plants, selenium and human health. Current Opinion in Plant Physiology 164: 327-336.

Fargasova, A., Pastierova, J. and Svetkova, K. (2006) Effect of Se-metal pair combinations (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb) on photosynthetic pigments production and metal accumulation in Sinapis alba L. seedlings.Plant Soil Environment 52: 8–15.

Ferri, T., and Frasconi, F.G.M. (2007) Selenium speciation in foods: Preliminary results on potatoes. Microchemical Journal 85: 222–227.

Germ, M. and Jože,O. (2005) Selenium treatment affected respiratory potential in Eruca sativa. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica 85: 329 – 335.

Geoffroy, L., Gilbin, R., Simona, O., Floriani, M., Adama, H., Pradines, C., Cournac, L. and Garnier-Laplace, J. (2007) Effect of selenate on growth and photosynthesis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Aquatic Toxicology 83:149-158.

Hellebust, J.A., and Carigie, J.S. [Eds.] (1978) Handbook of physiological methods. Physiological and biochemical methods. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York and London. 512p

Hogland, D.R. and Arnon, D.I. (1950) The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. California Agricultural Experiment Station Circular 347: 1-32.

Issa. A.A. and Adam, M.S. (1999) Influence of Selenium on Toxicity of Some Heavy Metals in the Green Alga Scenedesrnus obliquus. Folia Microbiologika 44: 406-410.

Jain M. and Gadre R.P. (1998) Inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis and enzymes of nitrogen assimilation by selenite in excised maize leaf segments during greening. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 104: 161–166.

Khattak, R.A., Haghnia, G.H., Mikkelsen, R.L., Page, A.L. and Bradford, G.R. (1989) Influence of binary interactions of arsenate, molybdate, and selenate on yield and composition of alfalfa. Journal of Environmental Quality 20: 165-168.

Kopsell D.A., Randle, W.M. and Mills, H.A. (2000) Quantitative, chemically specific imaging of selenium nutrient accumulation in leaf tissue of rapid-cycling Brassica oleracea responds to increasing sodium selenate concentrations. Journal of plant nutrition 23: 927-935.

Kopsell, D.A., Sams, C.E., Charron, C.S., Randle, W.M., Kopsell, D.E. and Kale, W.M. (2007) Carotenoids remain stable while glucosinolates and flavor compounds respond to changes in selenium and sulfur ertility.Acta Horticulture 744: 303-310.

Lefsrud, M.G., Kopsell, D.E., Kopsell, D.A., Randle, D.E. and Kale, W.M. (2006) Carotenoids are unaffected By, whereas biomass production, elemental concentrations, and selenium accumulation respond to changes in selenium fertility. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54: 1764-1771.

Mazzafer, P. (1998) Growth and biochemical alterations in coffee due to selenite toxicity. Plant Soil 201: 189–196.

Padmaja, K., Prasad, D.D. and Prasad, A.R. (1990) Selenium as a novel regulator of porphyrin biosynthesis in germinating seedlings of mung bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). International Journal of Biochemistry 22: 441-446.

Pennanen, A., Hartikainen.H., Lukkari.K. and Ollilainen.V. (2001) Accilmation of Lactuca sativa to increased UV irradiation at various selenium levels. Photosynthesis Research (Abstracts of 12^th Congress on Photosynthesis) 69: 30.

Shanker, K., Mishra, S., Srivastava, S., Srivastava, R., Daas, S., Prakash, S. and Srivastava, M.M. (1996) effect of selenite and selenate on plant uptake and translocation of mercury by tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum).Plant and Soil 183: 233-238.

Simojoki, A., Xue, T., Lukkari, K., Pennen, A. and Hartikainen, H. (2003) Allocation of added selenium in lettuce and its impact on roots. Agricultural and Food Science in Finland 12: 155-164.

Smith, G.S. and Watkinson, J.H. (1984) Selenium toxicity in perennial ryegrass and white clover. New Phytopathlogy 97: 557-564.

Terry, N., Zayed, A.M., de Souza, M.P. and Tarun, A.S. (2005) Selenium in higher plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 51: 401-432.

Valkama, E., Kivimaenpaa, M., Hartikainen, H. and Wulff, A. (2003) The combined effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and selenium on growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and ultrastructure in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) treated in the field. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 120: 267–278.

White, P.J., Bowen, H.C., Parmaguru, P., Fritz, M., Spracklen, W.P., Spiby, R.E., Meacham, M.C., Mead, A., Harriman, M., Trueman, L.J., Smith, B.M., Thomas, B. and Broadley, M.R. (2004) Interactions between selenium and sulphur nutrition in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany (Special Issue of Sulphur Metabolism in Plants) 55: 1927–1937.

Xue, T., Hartikainen, H. and Piironen, V. (2001) Antioxidative and growth-promoting effect of selenium on senescing lettuce. Plant and Soil 237: 55-61.

Zhu, Y., Huang, Y., Hu, Y., Liu, Y. and Christie, P. (2004) Interactions between selenium and iodine uptake by spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) in solution culture.Plant and Soil 261: 99-105.