The effect of folic acid treatment on the post-harvest life of cucumber through influencing the activity of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of proline, polyamine, and chlorophyll-degradation
Subject Areas : Tension
1 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran,
Keywords: cucumber, folic acid, Polyamine, Arginine decarboxylase, proline dehydrogenase,
Abstract :
In this study, the mechanism of cold stress tolerance in cucumber fruits pretreated with folic acid was investigated. Control group and the group treated with 5 mgL-1 folic acid were stored for 15 days at 4 °-C. The results showed that, in comparison with the control, treatment with folic acid resulted in reduced chilling injury and decreased electrolyte leakage. The cucumber fruits treated with folic acid showed higher chlorophyll contents in storage conditions with suppressed chlorophyllase enzyme activity. Exogenous folic acid treatment also increased the activity of arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase resulting in the accumulation of polyamine contents. Also, higher levels of proline were observed in the fruits treated with folic acid, which is attributed to the increased activity of proline synthesizing enzymes △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate syntheses and ornithine aminotransferase and also reduced activity of proline dehydrogenase enzyme that decompose proline. Generally, the results showed that folic acid treatment increased the resistance to the cold stress by regulating the activity of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of proline, chlorophyll, and polyamines.
Anwar, A., Bai, L., Miao, L., Liu, Y., Li, S., Yu, X. and Li, Y. (2018). 24-Epibrassinolide ameliorates endogenous hormone levels to enhance low-temperature stress tolerance in cucumber seedlings. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19: 2497.
Cao, S., Cai, Y., Yang, Z. and Zheng, Y. (2012). MeJA induces chilling tolerance in loquat fruit by regulating proline and γ-aminobutyric acid contents. Food Chemistry, 133: 1466-1470.
Cao, S., Song, C., Shao, J., Bian, K., Chen, W. and Yang, Z. (2016). Exogenous melatonin treatment increases chilling tolerance and induces defense response in harvested peach fruit during cold storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64: 5215-5222.
Farouk, S. and Qados, A.M.A. (2018). Enhancing seed quality and productivity as well as physio-anatomical responses of pea plants by folic acid and/or hydrogen peroxide application. Scientia Horticulturae, 240: 29-37.
Hakim, A., Purvis, A.C. and Mullinix, B.G. (1999). Differences in chilling sensitivity of cucumber varieties depends on storage temperature and the physiological dysfunction evaluated. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 17: 97-104.
Hare, T., Pyke, M., Scheelings, P., Eaglesham, G., Wong, L., Houlihan, A. and Graham, G. (2012). Impact of low temperature storage on active and storage forms of folate in choy sum (Brassica rapa subsp. parachinensis). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 74: 85-90.
Hu, W., Yang, H., Tie, W., Yan, Y., Ding, Z., Liu, Y., Wu, C., Wang, J., Reiter, R.J. and Tan, D.X. (2017). Natural variation in banana varieties highlights the role of melatonin in postharvest ripening and quality. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65: 9987-9994.
Jahan, M.S., Shu, S., Wang, Y., Chen, Z., He, M., Tao, M., Sun, J. and Guo, S. (2019). Melatonin alleviates heat-induced damage of tomato seedlings by balancing redox homeostasis and modulating polyamine and nitric oxide biosynthesis. BMC Plant Biology, 19: 1-16.
Jannatizadeh, A., Aghdam, M.S., Luo, Z. and Razavi, F. (2019). Impact of exogenous melatonin application on chilling injury in tomato fruits during cold storage. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 12: 741-750.
Joshi, R., Adhikari, S., Patro, B., Chattopadhyay, S. and Mukherjee, T. (2001). Free radical scavenging behavior of folic acid: evidence for possible antioxidant activity. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 30: 1390-1399.
Li, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, M., Xu, H., Ning, K., Wang, B. and Chen, M. (2022). Melatonin increases growth and salt tolerance of Limonium bicolor by improving photosynthetic and antioxidant capacity. BMC Plant Biology, 22: 1-14.
Li, S., Jiang, L., Wang, C. and Zhang, C. (2012). Research advances in the functions of plant folates. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 47: 525.
Lucock, M. (2000). Folic acid: nutritional biochemistry, molecular biology, and role in disease processes. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 71: 121-138.
Madebo, M.P., LUO, S.m., Li, W., ZHENG, Y.h. and Peng, J. (2021). Melatonin treatment induces chilling tolerance by regulating the contents of polyamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and proline in cucumber fruit. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20: 3060-3074.
Malekzadeh, P., Khosravi-Nejad, F., Hatamnia, A.A. and Sheikhakbari Mehr, R. (2017). Impact of postharvest exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid treatment on cucumber fruit in response to chilling tolerance. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 23: 827-836.
Mihailovic, N., Lazarevic, M., Dzeletovic, Z., Vuckovic, M. and Durdevic, M. (1997). Chlorophyllase activity in wheat, Triticum aestivum L. leaves during drought and its dependence on the nitrogen ion form applied. Plant Science, 129: 141-146.
Mirdehghan, S., Rahemi, M., Martinez-Romero, D., Guillen, F., Valverde, J., Zapata, P., Serrano, M. and Valero, D. (2007). Reduction of pomegranate chilling injury during storage after heat treatment: role of polyamines. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 44: 19-25.
Mishra, S., Barman, K., Singh, A.K. and Kole, B. (2022). Exogenous polyamine treatment preserves postharvest quality, antioxidant compounds and reduces lipid peroxidation in black plum fruit. South African Journal of Botany, 146: 662-668.
Scott, J., Rebeille, F. and Fletcher, J. (2000). Folic acid and folates: the feasibility for nutritional enhancement in plant foods. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 80: 795-824.
Shohag, M. Wei, Y.Y., Yu, N., Zhang, J., Wang, K., Patring, J., He, Z. and Yang, X.e. (2011). Natural variation of folate content and composition in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) germplasm. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59: 12520-12526.
Stakhova, L., Stakhov, L. and Ladygin, V. (2000). Effects of exogenous folic acid on the yield and amino acid content of the seed of Pisum sativum L. and Hordeum vulgare L. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 36: 85-89.
Wang, B., Li, Y. and Zhang, W.H. (2012). Brassinosteroids are involved in response of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) to iron deficiency. Annals of Botany, 110, 681-688.
Wang, D., Li, L., Xu, Y., Limwachiranon, J., Li, D., Ban, Z. and Luo, Z. (2017). Effect of exogenous nitro oxide on chilling tolerance, polyamine, proline, and γ-aminobutyric acid in bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox f. prevernalis). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65: 5607-5613.
Wang, Y., Wang, G., Xu, W., Zhang, Z., Sun, X. and Zhang, S. (2022). Exogenous melatonin improves pear resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea by increasing autophagic activity and sugar/organic acid levels. Phytopathology, 33(9): 1150-1160.
Xu, D., Zuo, J., Fang, Y., Yan, Z., Shi, J., Gao, L., Wang, Q. and Jiang, A. (2021). Effect of folic acid on the postharvest physiology of broccoli during storage. Food Chemistry, 339: 127981.
Xu, L., Yue, Q., Xiang, G., Bian, F.E. and Yao, Y. (2018). Melatonin promotes ripening of grape berry via increasing the levels of ABA, H2O2, and particularly ethylene. Horticulture research. DOI 10.1038/s41438-018-0045-y.
Yan, R., Xu, Q., Dong, J., Kebbeh, M., Shen, S., Huan, C. and Zheng, X. (2022). Effects of exogenous melatonin on ripening and decay incidence in plums (Prunus salicina L. cv. Taoxingli) during storage at room temperature. Scientia Horticulturae, 292:110655.
Zhao, H., Zhang, K., Zhou, X., Xi, L., Wang, Y., Xu, H., Pan, T. and Zou, Z. (2017). Melatonin alleviates chilling stress in cucumber seedlings by up-regulation of CsZat12 and modulation of polyamine and abscisic acid metabolism. Scientific Reports, 7: 1-12.
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Anwar, A., Bai, L., Miao, L., Liu, Y., Li, S., Yu, X. and Li, Y. (2018). 24-Epibrassinolide ameliorates endogenous hormone levels to enhance low-temperature stress tolerance in cucumber seedlings. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19: 2497.
Cao, S., Cai, Y., Yang, Z. and Zheng, Y. (2012). MeJA induces chilling tolerance in loquat fruit by regulating proline and γ-aminobutyric acid contents. Food Chemistry, 133: 1466-1470.
Cao, S., Song, C., Shao, J., Bian, K., Chen, W. and Yang, Z. (2016). Exogenous melatonin treatment increases chilling tolerance and induces defense response in harvested peach fruit during cold storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64: 5215-5222.
Farouk, S. and Qados, A.M.A. (2018). Enhancing seed quality and productivity as well as physio-anatomical responses of pea plants by folic acid and/or hydrogen peroxide application. Scientia Horticulturae, 240: 29-37.
Hakim, A., Purvis, A.C. and Mullinix, B.G. (1999). Differences in chilling sensitivity of cucumber varieties depends on storage temperature and the physiological dysfunction evaluated. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 17: 97-104.
Hare, T., Pyke, M., Scheelings, P., Eaglesham, G., Wong, L., Houlihan, A. and Graham, G. (2012). Impact of low temperature storage on active and storage forms of folate in choy sum (Brassica rapa subsp. parachinensis). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 74: 85-90.
Hu, W., Yang, H., Tie, W., Yan, Y., Ding, Z., Liu, Y., Wu, C., Wang, J., Reiter, R.J. and Tan, D.X. (2017). Natural variation in banana varieties highlights the role of melatonin in postharvest ripening and quality. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65: 9987-9994.
Jahan, M.S., Shu, S., Wang, Y., Chen, Z., He, M., Tao, M., Sun, J. and Guo, S. (2019). Melatonin alleviates heat-induced damage of tomato seedlings by balancing redox homeostasis and modulating polyamine and nitric oxide biosynthesis. BMC Plant Biology, 19: 1-16.
Jannatizadeh, A., Aghdam, M.S., Luo, Z. and Razavi, F. (2019). Impact of exogenous melatonin application on chilling injury in tomato fruits during cold storage. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 12: 741-750.
Joshi, R., Adhikari, S., Patro, B., Chattopadhyay, S. and Mukherjee, T. (2001). Free radical scavenging behavior of folic acid: evidence for possible antioxidant activity. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 30: 1390-1399.
Li, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, M., Xu, H., Ning, K., Wang, B. and Chen, M. (2022). Melatonin increases growth and salt tolerance of Limonium bicolor by improving photosynthetic and antioxidant capacity. BMC Plant Biology, 22: 1-14.
Li, S., Jiang, L., Wang, C. and Zhang, C. (2012). Research advances in the functions of plant folates. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 47: 525.
Lucock, M. (2000). Folic acid: nutritional biochemistry, molecular biology, and role in disease processes. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 71: 121-138.
Madebo, M.P., LUO, S.m., Li, W., ZHENG, Y.h. and Peng, J. (2021). Melatonin treatment induces chilling tolerance by regulating the contents of polyamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and proline in cucumber fruit. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20: 3060-3074.
Malekzadeh, P., Khosravi-Nejad, F., Hatamnia, A.A. and Sheikhakbari Mehr, R. (2017). Impact of postharvest exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid treatment on cucumber fruit in response to chilling tolerance. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 23: 827-836.
Mihailovic, N., Lazarevic, M., Dzeletovic, Z., Vuckovic, M. and Durdevic, M. (1997). Chlorophyllase activity in wheat, Triticum aestivum L. leaves during drought and its dependence on the nitrogen ion form applied. Plant Science, 129: 141-146.
Mirdehghan, S., Rahemi, M., Martinez-Romero, D., Guillen, F., Valverde, J., Zapata, P., Serrano, M. and Valero, D. (2007). Reduction of pomegranate chilling injury during storage after heat treatment: role of polyamines. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 44: 19-25.
Mishra, S., Barman, K., Singh, A.K. and Kole, B. (2022). Exogenous polyamine treatment preserves postharvest quality, antioxidant compounds and reduces lipid peroxidation in black plum fruit. South African Journal of Botany, 146: 662-668.
Scott, J., Rebeille, F. and Fletcher, J. (2000). Folic acid and folates: the feasibility for nutritional enhancement in plant foods. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 80: 795-824.
Shohag, M. Wei, Y.Y., Yu, N., Zhang, J., Wang, K., Patring, J., He, Z. and Yang, X.e. (2011). Natural variation of folate content and composition in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) germplasm. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59: 12520-12526.
Stakhova, L., Stakhov, L. and Ladygin, V. (2000). Effects of exogenous folic acid on the yield and amino acid content of the seed of Pisum sativum L. and Hordeum vulgare L. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 36: 85-89.
Wang, B., Li, Y. and Zhang, W.H. (2012). Brassinosteroids are involved in response of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) to iron deficiency. Annals of Botany, 110, 681-688.
Wang, D., Li, L., Xu, Y., Limwachiranon, J., Li, D., Ban, Z. and Luo, Z. (2017). Effect of exogenous nitro oxide on chilling tolerance, polyamine, proline, and γ-aminobutyric acid in bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox f. prevernalis). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65: 5607-5613.
Wang, Y., Wang, G., Xu, W., Zhang, Z., Sun, X. and Zhang, S. (2022). Exogenous melatonin improves pear resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea by increasing autophagic activity and sugar/organic acid levels. Phytopathology, 33(9): 1150-1160.
Xu, D., Zuo, J., Fang, Y., Yan, Z., Shi, J., Gao, L., Wang, Q. and Jiang, A. (2021). Effect of folic acid on the postharvest physiology of broccoli during storage. Food Chemistry, 339: 127981.
Xu, L., Yue, Q., Xiang, G., Bian, F.E. and Yao, Y. (2018). Melatonin promotes ripening of grape berry via increasing the levels of ABA, H2O2, and particularly ethylene. Horticulture research. DOI 10.1038/s41438-018-0045-y.
Yan, R., Xu, Q., Dong, J., Kebbeh, M., Shen, S., Huan, C. and Zheng, X. (2022). Effects of exogenous melatonin on ripening and decay incidence in plums (Prunus salicina L. cv. Taoxingli) during storage at room temperature. Scientia Horticulturae, 292:110655.
Zhao, H., Zhang, K., Zhou, X., Xi, L., Wang, Y., Xu, H., Pan, T. and Zou, Z. (2017). Melatonin alleviates chilling stress in cucumber seedlings by up-regulation of CsZat12 and modulation of polyamine and abscisic acid metabolism. Scientific Reports, 7: 1-12.
