An Analysis of the Quality of the Functional Environment in the Central Area of Zanjan in the Face of the Covid-19 Epidemic

Subject Areas :

Mohamad taghi Heydari ¹ , Shahram Mohammadi ² , Azim Ali Shai ³

1 - Associate Professor in Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
2 - PhD student in Urban Planning, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
3 - Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning Department, Payam Noor, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2023-01-17 Accepted : 2023-06-21 Published : 2023-10-23

Keywords: Zanjan city, COVID-19, Functional Environment, Urban Centers,

Abstract :

Today's urban environments have become places with high vulnerability due to the density and accumulation of countless natural and human forces. The spread of the Covid-19 virus and its unintended consequences are seen as a wake-up call to the current urban lifestyle. Observing the physical distance between citizens is currently considered as the most effective way to prevent the further spread of the Covid-19 virus and similar epidemics. This shows the increasing role of urban environments in the control and management of human resources. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of the functional environment of the central area of Zanjan in the effective Encountering with the Covid-19 epidemic. The research method is descriptive-analytical and questionnaire was used to collect information. The number of statistical sample people to collect data is equal to 152 citizens of Zanjan in the central area of Zanjan. Structural equation model was used to analyze the data and SPSS and Amos Graphics software were used too. The results show that the components of land use attractiveness, land use time attractiveness, land use activity hours during the day, unnecessary centralization of land uses and variety of land uses in the quality of the functional environment in the central area of Zanjan in the face of The Covid-19 epidemic was effective. Based on this, with a suitable combination of existing land uses, it is possible to improve the quality of the functional environment in the face of the Covid-19 epidemic by reducing the crowds and crowding in the central area of Zanjan.

References:

1. ادیبان، سعید؛ محمدی، زهرا؛ صفرخانی، سپیده (1396). آمارنامه شهر زنجان 1390. زنجان: شهرداری شهر زنجان. معاونت برنامه‌ریزی و توسعه انسانی.


2. اظهری، علیرضا (1399). نقش شهرهای هوشمند در کاهش بیماری‌های کشنده. اولین کنفرانس محیط‌زیست، عمران، معماری و شهرسازی. دبیرخانه دائمی کنفرانس. تهران، ایران.


3. هارلوئی، مریم؛ نایه دار، مهدی (1399). مطالعه جامعه‌شناختی چالش‌های مدیریت بحران کرونا در سطح محلی، مطالعه موردی: شهر کاشمر. فصلنامه مدیریت بحران. 12 (2)، 123-93


4. حقی، محمدرضا؛ حیدر زاده، احسان (1401). تأثیر کیفیت محیطی محلات شهری در حفظ سلامت روان شهروندان در دوره همه‌گیری کرونا (مطالعه موردی: شهر کرمانشاه). نشریه مدیریت مخاطرات محیطی. 9 (1)، 30-17.


5. دوستوندی، میلاد؛ اکبری، مریم؛ کتاب اللهی، کسری (1401). بررسی انعطاف‌پذیری فضاهای شهری در دوران همه‌گیری کووید-19. فصلنامه پژوهش‌های مکانی فضایی. 6 (3)، 44-25.


6. عربانی، محمدحسین؛ باور، سیروس (1399). چگونگی محیط معماری و شهرسازی در مقابله با همه‌گیری ویروس کرونا. نشریه معماری شناسی. 3 (16)، 127-121.


7. فرج کرده، خدر (1387). جایگاه مرکز شهر در نظریه‌های ساخت شهر و برنامه‌ریزی شهری. نشریه شهرداری‌ها. 9 (89)، 34-29.


8. محمدی، محمود؛ شاهیوندی، احمد؛ محمدی، شهرام (1393). تحلیل ساختار فضایی-کالبدی محدوده مرکزی شهر زنجان با رویکرد تفکر راهبردی. نشریه مطالعات برنامه‌ریزی شهری. 4 (13)، 81-71.


9. مرکز مطالعات و برنامه‌ریزی شهری تهران (1399). بررسی خط مشی واکنش شهرها در برابر همه‌گیری COVID-19 پاسخ‌های سیاستی شهرها. تهران: معاونت مطالعات و برنامه‌ریزی امور زیرساخت و طرح جامع، مدیریت مطالعات و برنامه‌ریزی فنی، عمرانی، استانداردسازی و امور بحران.


10. مهردانش، گونا؛ آزادی زاده، نامدار (1399). مفهوم تاب آوری شهری مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی آینده شهرها (کرونا 19). نشریه جغرافیا و روابط انسانی. 3 (1)، 161-132.


11. مهندسین مشاور آرمانشهر (1385). طرح بازنگری تفصیلی شهر زنجان. زنجان: وزارت مسکن و شهرسازی، سازمان مسکن و شهرسازی استان زنجان.


12. هاگت، پیتر (1375). جغرافیا: ترکیبی نو. جلد دوم. ترجمه شاپور گودرزی نژاد. تهران: سمت.


13. Lee, V.J. et al (2020). Epidemic preparedness in urban settings: new challenges and opportunities. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 20 (5), 527-529.


14. Singh, R.B.; Srinagesh, B. & Anand, S. (2020). Urban Health Risk and Resilience in Asian Cities. U.S.:Springer.


15. World Health Organization (‎2020)‎. Novel Coronavirus (‎2019-nCoV)‎. Situation Report, 3. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/330762.


16. Chen, A.T. et al (2020). Reactions to COVID-19, information and technology use, and social connectedness among older adults with pre-frailty and frailty. Geriatric Nursing. 42 (1), 188-195. DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.08.001.


17. Sharifi, A., Khavarian-Garmsir, A.R. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on cities and major lessons for urban planning, design, and management. Science of the Total Environment. 749 (2020), 1-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142391


18. Shaw, R.; Kim, Y-K. & Hua, J. (2020). Governance, technology and citizen behavior in pandemic: Lessons from COVID-19 in East Asia. Progress in Disaster Science. 6 (April), 1-11. DOI:10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100090.


19. Otchere-Darko, W. (2020). COVID-19, Spatio-epidemiology and Urban Planning. The Town Planning Review. 92 (2), 209-213.


20. Acuto, M. (2020). COVID-19: Lessons for an Urban (izing) World. One Earth. 2 (4), 317-319. DOI:10.1016/j.oneear.2020.04.004


21. Krishna, R. & Kummitha, R. (2020). Smart technologies for fighting pandemics: The techno- and human- driven approaches in controlling the virus transmission. Government Information Quarterly. 37 (3), 101481.


22. Bereitschaft, B. & Scheller, D. (2020). How Might the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect 21st Century Urban Design, Planning, and Development?. Urban Sci. 4 (4), 2-22. DOI: 10.3390/urbansci4040056.


23. Lai, S.; Leone, F. & Zoppi, C. (2020). Covid-19 and spatial planning. A few issues concerning public policy. Tema-Journal of Land Use Mobility and Environment. 231-246. DOI:10.6092/1970-9870/6846.


24. Desai, D. (2020). Urban Densities and the Covid-19 Pandemic: Upending the Sustainability Myth of Global Megacities. Observer Research Foundation. New Delhi: ORF.


25. UN – United Nation (2020). Policy Brief: COVID-19 in an Urban World. UN: United Nation.


26. UCCN - UNESCO Creative Cities Network (2020). Cities' Response to COVID-19. Paris: Unesco.


27. Chudik, A.; Hashem Pesaran, M. & Rebucci, A. (2020), Voluntary and Mandatory Social Distancing: Evidence on Covid-19 Exposure Rates from Chinese Provinces and Selected Countries. Germany: Tech. Rep. National Bureau of Economic Re-search.


28. Patrick, K.; Stanbrook, M.B. & Laupacis, A. (2020). Social distancing to combat COVID-19: We are all on the front line. CMAJ. 192 (19), 516-517.


29. Jay, J., Bor, J., Nsoesie, E., Lipson, S. K., Jones, D. K, Galea, S., and Raif-man, J. (2020), Neighborhood income and physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. Nature Human Behavior. 4. November, 1294-1302.


30. Abouk, R. & Heydari, B. (2020). The immediate effect of covid-19 policies on social distancing behavior in the united states. Sage Journal. 136 (2), 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033354920976575.


31. Hatchett, R. J.; Meccher, C. E. & Lipsitch, M. (2007). Public health interventions and epidemic intensity during the 1918 in uenza pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (18), 7582-7587.


32. Farboodi, M.; Jarosch, G. & Shimer, R. (2020). Internal and external ects of so-cial distancing in a pandemic. Tech. Rep. National Bureau of Economic Research.


33. Pisano, C. (2020). Strategies for post-COVID cities: An insight to Paris En Commun and Milano 2020. Sustainability, MDPI. 12 (15), 1-16.


34. Hu, R. (2020). COVID-19, smart work, and collaborative space: A crisisopportunity perspective. Journal of Urban Management. 9 (3), 276–280.