The Effect of Swimming Training With Coriandrum Sativum Extract on Glycemic Indices in Diabetic Rats

Subject Areas : Open Access

Zahra  Arvin ¹ (Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)
Seyed Ali  Hosseini ² (Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)

Received: 2020-09-05 Accepted : 2020-11-18 Published : 2020-11-21

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Coriandrum sativum, swimming training, Glycemic index,

Abstract :

Short Abstract Introduction:Exercises and nutrition regimen have a major portion in the reduction of diabetes induced complications such as obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyper- insulinemia.TheAim of the present study was to investigate the effect of swimming training with consuming Coriandrum Sativum extract on glycemic indices of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods:32 Sprague- Dawley rats were randomly selected in this experimental research, and one week after the induction of diabetes, they were divided into four groups of 8 rats. These groups include: 1) swimming training, 2) Coriandrum Sativum, 3) swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum, and 4) control group. Groups 2 and 3 received 100 mg/kg Coriandrum Sativum peritoneally. Also, groups 1 and 3 swam for 4 weeks, five sessions per-week. -Each session lasted 30 minutes. In this study, Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, one way ANOVA and Tukey’s post- hoc tests were used for the statistical analysis of data (p≤0.05). Findings:Swimming training, consumption of Coriandrum Sativum, and swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum had a significant effect on the reduction of fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (p≤0.05). In addition, Coriandrum Sativum and swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum had a significant effect on the reduction of insulin resistance (p≤0.05) . Furthermore, Coriandrum Sativum had more favorable effects on the reduction of fasting glucose compared with the swimming training (p≤0.05) and swimming training, Coriandrum Sativum, and swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum had no significant effect on the  reduction of insulin (p≥0.05). Conclusion:It seems that it is possible to use 4 weeks swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum in order to improve glycemic indices in diabetic rats.   Extended Abstract Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the diseases that has caused many health, medical and socio-economic problems for human societies and has spread widely in recent decades (1). Nowadays, experts believe that diet and medication on their own are not enough to treat and control patients' blood glucose, but also physical activities and exercises should be added to the daily routine activity of patients with DM (2). Coriander is scientifically known as Coriandrum Sativum L. and it has been reported that it releases insulin and has insulin-like effects as well as it reduces insulin resistance (9). Due to the lack of information about the simultaneous effect of Coriander extract consumption and swimming training on glycemic indices in patients with DM, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of swimming training with coriander extract on glycemic indices of diabetic rats.   Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 45 male Sprague- Dawley rats received 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (manufactured by Sigma) dissolved in citrate buffer peritoneally after one night of fasting. Four days later, the blood glucose was measured using a glucometer from the tail of the rats by punching method. Then, 32 rats with blood glucose above 300 mg/dl were selected as the statistical sample and based on blood glucose; they were divided into four groups including: 1) swimming training, 2) Coriandrum Sativum, 3) swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum, and 4) controlgroup. Groups 2 and 3 were trained five days per week. Groups 1 and 3 received 100 mg/kg Coriandrum Sativum extract peritoneally. The duration of the study was four weeks. After this period, blood samples were gathered to measure the variables in this study. Twenty- four hours after the last training session at the end of the fourth week, rats were sacrificed to measure the studied parameters. The swimming training  protocol consisted of four weeks of swimming in water at a temperature of 25- 30 ° C for 30 minutes in each session and five sessions per week. After training, the rats were dried with a hair dryer. Fasting insulin was measured by sandwich and competitive enzyme immunoassay. Serum glucose was measured using a biochemistry kit and enzymatic method (glucose oxidase method). Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was also used to evaluate the insulin resistance index. HOMA-IR index was calculated based on the below formula: HOMA-IR: [fasting blood glucose × fasting insulin]/22.5 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was also used to measure glycosylated hemoglobin using the Nycorard system (Norway). The collected findings were analyzed using SPSS software and Kolmogorov- Smirnov, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post- hoc tests (P≤0.05).   Findings The results showed that there was no significant difference in insulin levels among the research groups (P=0.77); However, fasting glucose in swimming training (P=0.02), Coriandrum Sativum (P=0.001) and swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum (P=0.001) groups was significantly lower than the control group; Moreover, fasting glucose in Coriandrum Sativum group was significantly lower than swimming training group (P=0.004); In addition, insulin resistance in Coriandrum Sativum (P=0.001) and swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum (P=0.03) groups was significantly lower than the control group. Also glycosylated hemoglobin in swimming training (P=0.001), Coriandrum Sativum (P=0.001) and swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum (P=0.01) groups was significantly lower than the control group. Discussion The results of the present study showed that Coriandrum Sativum administration for four weeks significantly influenced the reduction of fasting glucose, insulin resistance and glycosylated hemoglobin; however, it has no significant effect on the reduction of insulin in diabetic rats. The anti-diabetic effects of Coriandrum Sativum have been reported in various studies. It seems that Coriandrum Sativum extract is effective on carbohydrates metabolism by increasing glycogen synthase activity and increasing hepatic glycogen concentration and stimulating glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways through increasing glycolytic enzymes and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and inhibition of gluconeogenic enzymes and glycogen phosphorylase and as a result, inhibition of glyconeogenesis and glycogenolysis processes and reduces blood glucose levels (17, 18). The results of the present study also showed that swimming training for four weeks significantly reduced fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic rats; however, it has no significant effect on insulin and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. It has been reported that exercise increases insulin sensitivity, therefore, less insulin is needed after the exercise to regulate blood glucose than before the exercise. This improvement in insulin sensitivity is probably related to the capacity of the insulin to bind the receptors on each of the muscle cells (22). The results also showed that four weeks of swimming training with consumption of Coriandrum Sativum had a significant effect on glycemic indices of diabetic rats. Therefore, it seems that the combination of swimming training and Coriandrum Sativum can be used as an effective drug in improving glycemic indices in diabetic patients; however, they cannot have interactive effects on improving glycemic indices.   Conclusion It seems that it is possible to use 4 weeks swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum in order to improve glycemic indices of diabetic rats.   Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fars Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University.   Funding Fars Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University.   Authors' contributions Design and conceptualization: Zahra Arvin, Seyed Ali Hosseini; Methodology and data analysis: Zahra Arvin; Supervision and final writing: Seyed Ali Hosseini   Conflicts of interest The authors declared no conflict of interest.

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