The Effect of Swimming Training With Coriandrum Sativum Extract on Glycemic Indices in Diabetic Rats

Subject Areas : Open Access

Zahra Arvin ¹ , Seyed Ali Hosseini ²

1 - Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
2 - Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

Received: 2020-09-05 Accepted : 2020-11-18 Published : 2020-11-21

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Coriandrum sativum, swimming training, Glycemic index,

Abstract :

Short Abstract Introduction:Exercises and nutrition regimen have a major portion in the reduction of diabetes induced complications such as obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyper- insulinemia.TheAim of the present study was to investigate the effect of swimming training with consuming Coriandrum Sativum extract on glycemic indices of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods:32 Sprague- Dawley rats were randomly selected in this experimental research, and one week after the induction of diabetes, they were divided into four groups of 8 rats. These groups include: 1) swimming training, 2) Coriandrum Sativum, 3) swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum, and 4) control group. Groups 2 and 3 received 100 mg/kg Coriandrum Sativum peritoneally. Also, groups 1 and 3 swam for 4 weeks, five sessions per-week. -Each session lasted 30 minutes. In this study, Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, one way ANOVA and Tukey’s post- hoc tests were used for the statistical analysis of data (p≤0.05). Findings:Swimming training, consumption of Coriandrum Sativum, and swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum had a significant effect on the reduction of fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (p≤0.05). In addition, Coriandrum Sativum and swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum had a significant effect on the reduction of insulin resistance (p≤0.05) . Furthermore, Coriandrum Sativum had more favorable effects on the reduction of fasting glucose compared with the swimming training (p≤0.05) and swimming training, Coriandrum Sativum, and swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum had no significant effect on the  reduction of insulin (p≥0.05). Conclusion:It seems that it is possible to use 4 weeks swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum in order to improve glycemic indices in diabetic rats.   Extended Abstract Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the diseases that has caused many health, medical and socio-economic problems for human societies and has spread widely in recent decades (1). Nowadays, experts believe that diet and medication on their own are not enough to treat and control patients' blood glucose, but also physical activities and exercises should be added to the daily routine activity of patients with DM (2). Coriander is scientifically known as Coriandrum Sativum L. and it has been reported that it releases insulin and has insulin-like effects as well as it reduces insulin resistance (9). Due to the lack of information about the simultaneous effect of Coriander extract consumption and swimming training on glycemic indices in patients with DM, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of swimming training with coriander extract on glycemic indices of diabetic rats.   Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 45 male Sprague- Dawley rats received 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (manufactured by Sigma) dissolved in citrate buffer peritoneally after one night of fasting. Four days later, the blood glucose was measured using a glucometer from the tail of the rats by punching method. Then, 32 rats with blood glucose above 300 mg/dl were selected as the statistical sample and based on blood glucose; they were divided into four groups including: 1) swimming training, 2) Coriandrum Sativum, 3) swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum, and 4) controlgroup. Groups 2 and 3 were trained five days per week. Groups 1 and 3 received 100 mg/kg Coriandrum Sativum extract peritoneally. The duration of the study was four weeks. After this period, blood samples were gathered to measure the variables in this study. Twenty- four hours after the last training session at the end of the fourth week, rats were sacrificed to measure the studied parameters. The swimming training  protocol consisted of four weeks of swimming in water at a temperature of 25- 30 ° C for 30 minutes in each session and five sessions per week. After training, the rats were dried with a hair dryer. Fasting insulin was measured by sandwich and competitive enzyme immunoassay. Serum glucose was measured using a biochemistry kit and enzymatic method (glucose oxidase method). Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was also used to evaluate the insulin resistance index. HOMA-IR index was calculated based on the below formula: HOMA-IR: [fasting blood glucose × fasting insulin]/22.5 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was also used to measure glycosylated hemoglobin using the Nycorard system (Norway). The collected findings were analyzed using SPSS software and Kolmogorov- Smirnov, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post- hoc tests (P≤0.05).   Findings The results showed that there was no significant difference in insulin levels among the research groups (P=0.77); However, fasting glucose in swimming training (P=0.02), Coriandrum Sativum (P=0.001) and swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum (P=0.001) groups was significantly lower than the control group; Moreover, fasting glucose in Coriandrum Sativum group was significantly lower than swimming training group (P=0.004); In addition, insulin resistance in Coriandrum Sativum (P=0.001) and swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum (P=0.03) groups was significantly lower than the control group. Also glycosylated hemoglobin in swimming training (P=0.001), Coriandrum Sativum (P=0.001) and swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum (P=0.01) groups was significantly lower than the control group. Discussion The results of the present study showed that Coriandrum Sativum administration for four weeks significantly influenced the reduction of fasting glucose, insulin resistance and glycosylated hemoglobin; however, it has no significant effect on the reduction of insulin in diabetic rats. The anti-diabetic effects of Coriandrum Sativum have been reported in various studies. It seems that Coriandrum Sativum extract is effective on carbohydrates metabolism by increasing glycogen synthase activity and increasing hepatic glycogen concentration and stimulating glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways through increasing glycolytic enzymes and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and inhibition of gluconeogenic enzymes and glycogen phosphorylase and as a result, inhibition of glyconeogenesis and glycogenolysis processes and reduces blood glucose levels (17, 18). The results of the present study also showed that swimming training for four weeks significantly reduced fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic rats; however, it has no significant effect on insulin and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. It has been reported that exercise increases insulin sensitivity, therefore, less insulin is needed after the exercise to regulate blood glucose than before the exercise. This improvement in insulin sensitivity is probably related to the capacity of the insulin to bind the receptors on each of the muscle cells (22). The results also showed that four weeks of swimming training with consumption of Coriandrum Sativum had a significant effect on glycemic indices of diabetic rats. Therefore, it seems that the combination of swimming training and Coriandrum Sativum can be used as an effective drug in improving glycemic indices in diabetic patients; however, they cannot have interactive effects on improving glycemic indices.   Conclusion It seems that it is possible to use 4 weeks swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum in order to improve glycemic indices of diabetic rats.   Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fars Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University.   Funding Fars Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University.   Authors' contributions Design and conceptualization: Zahra Arvin, Seyed Ali Hosseini; Methodology and data analysis: Zahra Arvin; Supervision and final writing: Seyed Ali Hosseini   Conflicts of interest The authors declared no conflict of interest.

References:

1. Davari F, Alimanesh Z, Alimanesh Z, Salehi O, Hosseini SA. Effect of training and crocin supplementation on mitochondrial biogenesis and redox-sensitive transcription factors in liver tissue of type 2 diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2020; 1- 6. DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1762663. PMID: 32401063.


2. Hosseini AS, Hamzavi Kh, Safarzadeh h, Salehi O. Interactive effect of swimming training and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) extract on glycemic indices and lipid profile in diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2020; 1- 5. DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1826529. PMID: 33017260.


3. Dehghan F, Hajiaghaalipour F, Yusof A, Muniandy S, Hosseini SA, Heydari S, et al. Saffron with resistance exercise improves diabetic parameters through the GLUT4/AMPK pathway in-vitro and in-vivo. Scie Rep. 2016; 6: 1- 12. DOI: 10.1038/srep25139. PMID: 27122001.


4. Hosseini SA, Zar A, Dehghani Z. Lipid lowering effects of Nigella sativa and swimming training in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Ann Mil Health Sci Res. 2018; 16 (3): e84153. DOI: 10.5812/amh.84153.


5. Sigal RJ, Wasserman DH, Kenny GP, Castanedasceppa CC. Physical activity/ exercise and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Car. 2004; 27: 2518- 2535. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.10.2518. PMID: 15451933.


6. Hosseini A, Khoshsovt F, Ahmadi M, Azarbayjani M A, Salehi O, Farkhaie F. Effects of Aloe Vera and swimming training on lipid profile of streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Nutr Food Sci Res. 2020; 7 (1): 9-16. DOI: 10.29252/nfsr.7.1.9.


7. Salehi O, Hosseini SA, Farkhaie F, Farzanegi P, Zar A. The effect of moderate intensity endurance training with genistein on brain- derived neurotrophic factor and tumor necrosis factor-α in diabetic rats. J Nutr Fast Health. 2019; 7 (1): 44-51. DOI: 10.22038/jnfh.2019.37231.1163.


8. Karimi E, Gholami J, Rezaei P, Mazidi M. The effect of oral coriander seed extracts on lipids, blood glucose, and oxidative stress indicators in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2015; 8 (5): 85- 92. URL: http://journal.muq.ac.ir/article-1-646-en.html


9. Gray AM, Flatt PR. Insulin-releasing and Insulin-like activity of the traditional anti-diabetic plant Coriandrumsativum (coriander). Br J Nutr. 1999; 81 (3): 203- 209. DOI: 10.1017/s0007114599000392. PMID: 10434846.


10. Eidi M, Eidi A, Saeidi A, Molanaei S, Sadeghipour A, Bahar M, Bahar K. Effect of Coriander seed (Coriandrum Sativam L) ethanol extract on insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Phyto Res. 2009; 23 (3): 404- 406. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2642.


11. Jelodar GH, Maleki M, Sirus SH. Effect of Walnut leaf, Coriander and Pomegranate on blood glucose and histopathology of pancreas of alloxan induced diabetic rats. Afr J Trad. 2007; 4 (3): 299- 305. DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v4i3.31223. PMID: 20161893.


12. Leung AY. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredient used in food, drugs and cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1980; 193- 195.


13. Tyler VC, Brady LR, Robbers JE. Pharmacognosy. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & febiger. 1988; 106- 119.


14. Hashem Dabaghian F, Kamalinejad M, Shojaii A, Abdollahi Fard M, Ghushegir S. Review of antidiabetic plants in Iranian traditional medicine and their efficacy. JMP. 2012; 1 (41): 1- 11. URL:http://jmp.ir/article-1-466-en.html.


15. Gallagher AM, Flatt PR, Duffy G, AbdelWahab YHA. The effects of traditional antidiabetic plants on in vitro glucose diffusion. Nutr Res. 2003; 23 (3): 413- 424. DOI: 10.1016/S0271-5317(02)00533-X.


16. Sreelatha S, Inbavalli R. Antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antihyperlipidemic effects of coriandrumsativum leaf and stem in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Food Sci. 2012; 77 (7): 119-123. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02755.x. PMID: 22671941.


17. Vessal M, Hemmati M, Vasei M. Antidiabetic effects of quercetin in streptozocin- induced diabetic rats. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2003; 135 (3): 357- 364. DOI: 10.1016/S1532-0456(03)00140-6.


18. Jouad H, Lemhadri A, Maghrani M, Burcelin R, Eddouks M. Hawthorn evokes a potent anti-hyperglycemic capacity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Herb Pharmacother. 2003; 3 (2): 19- 29. PMID: 15277062.


19. Chithra V, Leelamma S. Coriandrum Sativum- effect on lipid metabolism in 1.2- dimethyl hydrazine induced colon cancer. J Ethnopharmaco. 2000; 71: 457- 463. DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00182-3. PMID: 10940583.


20. Hosseini S, Kazemi N, Nouri R, Kordi M, Kasraian M. The effect of aqua and resistance trainings on lipid profile, adiponectin, insulin, and glucose in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Iranian J Obst Gynecol Infert. 2018; 21(4): 8- 18. DOI: 10.22038/ijogi.2018.11215.


21. Riberiro C, Cambri LT, Dalia RA, Araujo MB, Ghezzi AC, Moura LP, et al. Muscle protein metabolism in neonatal alloxan administered rats: effects of continuous and intermittent swimming training. Diabetology Met Syn. 2012; 4 (5): 1- 11. DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-4-5.


22. Sudatti Delevatti R, Feil Pinho C, Carolina Kanitz A, Lima Alberton C, Corrêa Marson E. Glycemic reductions following water- and land-based exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016; 24: 73- 77. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.05.008. PMID: 27502804.


23. Hall KE, McDonald MW, Grisé KN, Campos OA, Noble EG, James Melling CW. The role of resistance and aerobic exercise training on insulin sensitivity measures in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic rodents. Meta J. 2013; 62 (10): 1485- 1494. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.05.012. PMID: 23810201.


24. Brooks N, Layne EJ, Gordon LP, Roubenoff R, Nelson EM, Castaneda- Sceppa C. Strength training improves muscle quality and insulin sensitivity in Hispanic older adults with type 2 diabetes. Int J Med Sci. 2007; 4 (1): 19- 27. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.4.19. PMID: 17211497.