Multiple Relationships between Perceived Organizational Justice and Adherence to Psychological Contracts with Organizational Citizenship Behaviors
Subject Areas : Business ManagementAli Merdad 1 , Sara Ahmad pour 2 , Mohsen Golparvar 3
1 - Faculty Member (Assistant Professor) Islamic Azad University, Industrial and Organizational Psychology Department, Khorasgan Branch (Isfahan), Iran
2 - MSc in Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran
3 - Faculty Member (Assistant Professor) Islamic Azad University, Industrial and Organizational Psychology Department, Khorasgan Branch (Isfahan), Iran
Keywords: Organizational Justice, Psychological contracts, organizational citizenship behaviors,
Abstract :
The main purpose of this research was to study perceived organizational justice and adherence to psychological contracts with organizational citizenship behavior among employees. For this purpose, 280 subjects were selected through stratified random sampling, based on Mitchell and Julie sample size table. The research method was descriptive and correlational. Research instruments consisted of organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire (Lee & Allen, 2002), organizational justice (Niehoff & Moorman, 1993) and psychological contracts (Rousseau, 1995). The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and simultaneous and stepwise regression. Results indicated that there was a significant relationship between perceived organizational justice in all three dimensions distributive, procedural, interactional and adherence to psychological contracts in two dimensions transactional and relational, with Organizational citizenship behavior toward coworkers and organization (P≤0.01). Also, the results of the regression analysis showed that adherence to transactional psychological contracts, distributive justice and interactional justice has explained 45.7 % of variance in organizational citizenship behavior. Finally, we can conclude that perceived organizational justice and adherence to psychological contracts are important predictive factors of organizational citizenship behaviors.
Asgari, A., Silong, A.D., Ahmad, A., Abu Samah, B. (2008), The relationship between organizational characteristics, cultural context and organizational citizenship behaviors. European Journal of Economics , Finance and Administrative Sciences ,13: 94-107
Argyris, CP. (1960), Understanding Organizational Behavior. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press. 67p
Anderson, N., Schalk, R. (1998), The Psychological contract in retrospect and prospect. Journal of organizational Behavior ,19: 637-647
Bahloli Zinab, N., Alawi Matin, Y., & Derakhshani Mehrabani, A. (2010). Investigating the Effect of Organizational Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Employees of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. Beyond management. 4(14), 108-73, (In Persian).
Bal, P. M., De Lange. A. H., Jansen, P. G. W., & Van Der Velde, M. E. G. (2008), Psychological contracts breach and job attitudes: A meta-analysis of age as moderator. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 72: 143-158
Belali Dehkordi, S. (2010). Relationship between the Transactional and Communication Psychological Contract and Civic-organizational Behaviors According to the Role of Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction in the Zarif Mosavvar company, (In Persian).
Bolino, M. C., Turnley, W. H., Niehoff, B. P. (2004), the other side of the story: Reexamining prevailing assumptions about organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 14: 229-246
Blancero, D., Johnson, S., & Lakshman, C. (1996), Psychological Contracts and Fairness: The Effect of Violations on Customer Service Behavior.Journal of Market-Focused Management,1,49-63
Bateman, T. S., Organ, D. W. (1983), Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee citizenship. Academy of Management Journal, 26: 587-595
Burney, L. L., Henle, C. A., Widener, S. K. (2009), A path model examining the relations among strategic performance measurement system characteristic, organizations and Society, 34, 2009
Bunderson, J. S. (2001), how work ideologies the psychological contracts of professional employees: Doctors responses to perceived breach. Journal of organizational Behavior, 7:717-741
Bolino, M. C., Turnley, W. H., Niehoff, B. P.(2004), The other side of the story: Reexamining prevailing assumptions about organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 14: 229-246
Bies, R. J., & Shapiro, D. L. (1987), Interaction Fairness Judgments: The Influence of Causal Accounts. Social Justice Research, 1, 199-218
Cropanzano, R., & Folger, R. (1991), Procedural Justice and Work Motivation. In R. M. Steers, L. W. Porter (Eds.). Motivation And Work Behavior (5th Ed. ), 131-143. NY: McGraw-Hill
Cohen-Charash, Y., Spector, P. E. (2001), the role of justice in organizations: A meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes ,86(2):278-321
Golparvar, M., Nasiri, M., & Vmalkpur, M. (2007). Role of Participation in Decision Making, Job Attachment, Occupational Alternatives and Perceived Organizational Justice of Instructors of Exceptional Schools in Isfahan City. Knowledge and research in theology, 15, 2-46, (In Persian).
Guangling, W. (2011), the study on Relationship between Employees sense of Organizational justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Private Enterprises. Energy Procedia, Volume 5:2030-2034.
Hassan Jafri, M. (2011), Influence of Psychological Contract Breach on Organizatonal citizenship behavior and trust. Psychology Studies, 57 (1): 29-36
Ishak, N. A., Alam, S. S. (2009), the effects of leader –member exchange on organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior: Empirical study. Journal of European social Sciences [online], vol. 8, no. 2, pp:324-334. Available from: http//www.Eurojournal.com [Accessed 10 November 2009]
Iranzadeh, S., & Asadi, N. (2009). Investigating the Relationship between Civil and Organizational Justice with Job Satisfaction among Mohaghegh Ardebil University Students. Beyond management. 3(10), 75-43, (In Persian).
Javadian, Z., Golparvar, M., & Bilali, S. (2012). Relationship between Psychological Contract, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment with Immoral Behaviors, Considering the Role of Moderating the Opportunity to Protest Injustice; the Approach to Pressure Evacuation. Quantum New Findings in Psychology, 20, 6-20, (In Persian).
Jex, S. M. & Beehr, T. A. (1991), Emerging theoretical and methodological issues in the study of work-related stress, Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, 9, 311-365
Khaksar, S., & Golparvar, M. V. (2007). The Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Justice in the Relationship between Chronic Self-Concept of Employees with Their Satisfaction with Outcome, Supervisor, and Management. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 34, 26-1, (In Persian).
Knights, J.A.,& Kennedy, B. J. (2005), Psychological contract violation: Impacts on job satisfaction and organizational commitment among Australian senior Public servant. Applied human Resource Management Research, 10(2): 57-72
Lee, K. & Allen, N. J.( 2002), Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviance: Therole of affect and cognitions. Journal of Applied Psychology 87: 131–142
Mahdad, A., Mahdizadegan, A., & Tabakh, E. (2012). The Relationship between Organizational Perceived and Violence in the Workplace. Quantum New Findings in Psychology, 23(7), 19-36, (In Persian).
Mahdad, A. (2010). Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Tehran: Jangal Publishing, (In Persian).
Mahdad, A., & Mehdi Zadegan, I. (2010). Comparison of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Anti-Production Behaviors among Iranian and Malaysian Automobile Manufacturers. Quantum New Findings in Psychology, 12, 94-79, (In Persian).
Mardani Hamoleh, M., & Heidari, H. (2009). Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Justice and Civic-Organizational Behaviors in Hospital Staff. Ethics and Medical History 2 (2), 54-47, (In Persian).
Mehdad, A., & Hadi, P. (2012). Relationship between the Health of the Work Environment and Its Components with the Dimensions of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors of Employees. Quantum New Findings in Psychology, (In Persian).
Mehdad, A., & Arifin, H. Z. (2009), Moderating effect of Nationality, Gender, position and tenure on the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behaviors among Iranian and Malaysian automotive workers, Iranian international journal of psychology, 3, pp:120-145
Mitchell, M. L. & Jolly, J. M. (2007), Research designsexplain. Thomson Wads Worth, USA: Sixth ed
Moorman RH. (1991), Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Dofairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied psychology [online], vol. 76, no. 6, pp:845-855. Available from: http//www.linkinghub.elsevier. com[Accessed 12 November 2009]
Moorman, R. H. (1991), Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Dofairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied psychology [online], vol. 76, no. 6, pp:845-855. Available from: http//www.Linkinghub.elsevier.com[Accessed 12 November 2009]
Muchinsky, P. M. (2012), Psychology Applied to Work (10th Ed). Wads Worth, USA
Naami, A., & Shokrkon, H. (2006). Simple and Multiple Investigation of Organizational Justice with Civil-Organizational Behavior in Employees of an Industrial Organization in Ahvaz City. Educational Sciences and Psychology, 13 (1), 92-79, (In Persian).
Neihoff, B. P., & Moorman, R. H. (1993), Justice as amediator of the relationship between method ofmonitoring and organizational citizenshipbehavior. Academy of Management Journal, 36,527-556
Nadiri, H., Tanova, C. (2010), an investigation of the role of justice in turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior in hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management. Volume 29, Issue 1: 33-41
Organ, D. W. (1988), Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books
Organ, D. W., & Ryan, K. (1995), A meta-analysis review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. personnel psychology , 48:775-802
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B. & Bommer, W. H. (1996), Transformational leader behaviors and substitutes for leadership as determinants of employee satisfaction, commitment, trust, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Management 22: 259–298
Ramin Mehr, H., Hadizadeh Moghaddam, A., & Ahmadi, I. (2009). Investigating the Relationship between Perceived Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Tehran Oil Company Oil Distribution Company). Research Transformation Management, 1(2), 89-65, (In Persian).
Rousseau, D. M., & Wade-Benzoni, K. (1994),Linking strategy and human resource practices: how employee and customer contracts are created.Human Resource Management,33(3):463-489
Robinson, S. L., & Morrison, E. W. (2000), The development of psychological contracts breach violation: a longitudinal study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 5: 525-546
Robinson, S. L. (1996), Trust and breach of the psychological contract. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(4): 574-600
Saks, A. M. (2006), Antecedents and concequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7): 600-619
Schein, E. H. (1980), Organizational Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
Skarlicki, D. P., & Folger, R. (1997), Retaliation in the Workplace: The Roles of Distributive, Procedural and Interactional Justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 434-443
Schnake, M. (1991), Organizational citizenship: A review, proposed model, and research agenda. Human Relations 44:735–759
Sims, R R (1994), Human resource management's role in clarifying the new psychological contract. Human Resource Management
Tabarsa, G., Esmaeili Givi, M., & Esmaeili Givi, H. (2010). Factors Affecting on the Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in a Military Hospital. Journal of Military Medicine, 12(2), 93-99, (In Persian).
Turnley WH, Feldman DC. (2000), Re-examing the effects of psychological contract violations: unmet expectation and job dissatisfaction as mediator. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(1): 25-40
Tansky, J. W. (2005), Justice and otrganizational citizenship behavior: What is the relationship?. Journal of Empmloyee Responsibilities and Rights [online], vol. 6, no. 3, pp: 195-207. Available from: http//www.Springerlink.Com.
Van dyne, L., & Graham, J. (1994), organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 765-802
Yaghoubi M., Saghayeynnezhad Esfahani S., Aboul Ghasem Gorji, H., Nowroozi M., & Rezaei, F. (2009). The Relationship between Organizational Justice with Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment among the Selected Hospital Staff of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Islamic Management, 12 (35), 32-25, (In Persian).
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Asgari, A., Silong, A.D., Ahmad, A., Abu Samah, B. (2008), The relationship between organizational characteristics, cultural context and organizational citizenship behaviors. European Journal of Economics , Finance and Administrative Sciences ,13: 94-107
Argyris, CP. (1960), Understanding Organizational Behavior. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press. 67p
Anderson, N., Schalk, R. (1998), The Psychological contract in retrospect and prospect. Journal of organizational Behavior ,19: 637-647
Bahloli Zinab, N., Alawi Matin, Y., & Derakhshani Mehrabani, A. (2010). Investigating the Effect of Organizational Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Employees of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. Beyond management. 4(14), 108-73, (In Persian).
Bal, P. M., De Lange. A. H., Jansen, P. G. W., & Van Der Velde, M. E. G. (2008), Psychological contracts breach and job attitudes: A meta-analysis of age as moderator. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 72: 143-158
Belali Dehkordi, S. (2010). Relationship between the Transactional and Communication Psychological Contract and Civic-organizational Behaviors According to the Role of Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction in the Zarif Mosavvar company, (In Persian).
Bolino, M. C., Turnley, W. H., Niehoff, B. P. (2004), the other side of the story: Reexamining prevailing assumptions about organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 14: 229-246
Blancero, D., Johnson, S., & Lakshman, C. (1996), Psychological Contracts and Fairness: The Effect of Violations on Customer Service Behavior.Journal of Market-Focused Management,1,49-63
Bateman, T. S., Organ, D. W. (1983), Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee citizenship. Academy of Management Journal, 26: 587-595
Burney, L. L., Henle, C. A., Widener, S. K. (2009), A path model examining the relations among strategic performance measurement system characteristic, organizations and Society, 34, 2009
Bunderson, J. S. (2001), how work ideologies the psychological contracts of professional employees: Doctors responses to perceived breach. Journal of organizational Behavior, 7:717-741
Bolino, M. C., Turnley, W. H., Niehoff, B. P.(2004), The other side of the story: Reexamining prevailing assumptions about organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 14: 229-246
Bies, R. J., & Shapiro, D. L. (1987), Interaction Fairness Judgments: The Influence of Causal Accounts. Social Justice Research, 1, 199-218
Cropanzano, R., & Folger, R. (1991), Procedural Justice and Work Motivation. In R. M. Steers, L. W. Porter (Eds.). Motivation And Work Behavior (5th Ed. ), 131-143. NY: McGraw-Hill
Cohen-Charash, Y., Spector, P. E. (2001), the role of justice in organizations: A meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes ,86(2):278-321
Golparvar, M., Nasiri, M., & Vmalkpur, M. (2007). Role of Participation in Decision Making, Job Attachment, Occupational Alternatives and Perceived Organizational Justice of Instructors of Exceptional Schools in Isfahan City. Knowledge and research in theology, 15, 2-46, (In Persian).
Guangling, W. (2011), the study on Relationship between Employees sense of Organizational justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Private Enterprises. Energy Procedia, Volume 5:2030-2034.
Hassan Jafri, M. (2011), Influence of Psychological Contract Breach on Organizatonal citizenship behavior and trust. Psychology Studies, 57 (1): 29-36
Ishak, N. A., Alam, S. S. (2009), the effects of leader –member exchange on organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior: Empirical study. Journal of European social Sciences [online], vol. 8, no. 2, pp:324-334. Available from: http//www.Eurojournal.com [Accessed 10 November 2009]
Iranzadeh, S., & Asadi, N. (2009). Investigating the Relationship between Civil and Organizational Justice with Job Satisfaction among Mohaghegh Ardebil University Students. Beyond management. 3(10), 75-43, (In Persian).
Javadian, Z., Golparvar, M., & Bilali, S. (2012). Relationship between Psychological Contract, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment with Immoral Behaviors, Considering the Role of Moderating the Opportunity to Protest Injustice; the Approach to Pressure Evacuation. Quantum New Findings in Psychology, 20, 6-20, (In Persian).
Jex, S. M. & Beehr, T. A. (1991), Emerging theoretical and methodological issues in the study of work-related stress, Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, 9, 311-365
Khaksar, S., & Golparvar, M. V. (2007). The Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Justice in the Relationship between Chronic Self-Concept of Employees with Their Satisfaction with Outcome, Supervisor, and Management. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 34, 26-1, (In Persian).
Knights, J.A.,& Kennedy, B. J. (2005), Psychological contract violation: Impacts on job satisfaction and organizational commitment among Australian senior Public servant. Applied human Resource Management Research, 10(2): 57-72
Lee, K. & Allen, N. J.( 2002), Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviance: Therole of affect and cognitions. Journal of Applied Psychology 87: 131–142
Mahdad, A., Mahdizadegan, A., & Tabakh, E. (2012). The Relationship between Organizational Perceived and Violence in the Workplace. Quantum New Findings in Psychology, 23(7), 19-36, (In Persian).
Mahdad, A. (2010). Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Tehran: Jangal Publishing, (In Persian).
Mahdad, A., & Mehdi Zadegan, I. (2010). Comparison of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Anti-Production Behaviors among Iranian and Malaysian Automobile Manufacturers. Quantum New Findings in Psychology, 12, 94-79, (In Persian).
Mardani Hamoleh, M., & Heidari, H. (2009). Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Justice and Civic-Organizational Behaviors in Hospital Staff. Ethics and Medical History 2 (2), 54-47, (In Persian).
Mehdad, A., & Hadi, P. (2012). Relationship between the Health of the Work Environment and Its Components with the Dimensions of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors of Employees. Quantum New Findings in Psychology, (In Persian).
Mehdad, A., & Arifin, H. Z. (2009), Moderating effect of Nationality, Gender, position and tenure on the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behaviors among Iranian and Malaysian automotive workers, Iranian international journal of psychology, 3, pp:120-145
Mitchell, M. L. & Jolly, J. M. (2007), Research designsexplain. Thomson Wads Worth, USA: Sixth ed
Moorman RH. (1991), Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Dofairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied psychology [online], vol. 76, no. 6, pp:845-855. Available from: http//www.linkinghub.elsevier. com[Accessed 12 November 2009]
Moorman, R. H. (1991), Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Dofairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied psychology [online], vol. 76, no. 6, pp:845-855. Available from: http//www.Linkinghub.elsevier.com[Accessed 12 November 2009]
Muchinsky, P. M. (2012), Psychology Applied to Work (10th Ed). Wads Worth, USA
Naami, A., & Shokrkon, H. (2006). Simple and Multiple Investigation of Organizational Justice with Civil-Organizational Behavior in Employees of an Industrial Organization in Ahvaz City. Educational Sciences and Psychology, 13 (1), 92-79, (In Persian).
Neihoff, B. P., & Moorman, R. H. (1993), Justice as amediator of the relationship between method ofmonitoring and organizational citizenshipbehavior. Academy of Management Journal, 36,527-556
Nadiri, H., Tanova, C. (2010), an investigation of the role of justice in turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior in hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management. Volume 29, Issue 1: 33-41
Organ, D. W. (1988), Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books
Organ, D. W., & Ryan, K. (1995), A meta-analysis review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. personnel psychology , 48:775-802
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B. & Bommer, W. H. (1996), Transformational leader behaviors and substitutes for leadership as determinants of employee satisfaction, commitment, trust, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Management 22: 259–298
Ramin Mehr, H., Hadizadeh Moghaddam, A., & Ahmadi, I. (2009). Investigating the Relationship between Perceived Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Tehran Oil Company Oil Distribution Company). Research Transformation Management, 1(2), 89-65, (In Persian).
Rousseau, D. M., & Wade-Benzoni, K. (1994),Linking strategy and human resource practices: how employee and customer contracts are created.Human Resource Management,33(3):463-489
Robinson, S. L., & Morrison, E. W. (2000), The development of psychological contracts breach violation: a longitudinal study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 5: 525-546
Robinson, S. L. (1996), Trust and breach of the psychological contract. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(4): 574-600
Saks, A. M. (2006), Antecedents and concequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7): 600-619
Schein, E. H. (1980), Organizational Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
Skarlicki, D. P., & Folger, R. (1997), Retaliation in the Workplace: The Roles of Distributive, Procedural and Interactional Justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 434-443
Schnake, M. (1991), Organizational citizenship: A review, proposed model, and research agenda. Human Relations 44:735–759
Sims, R R (1994), Human resource management's role in clarifying the new psychological contract. Human Resource Management
Tabarsa, G., Esmaeili Givi, M., & Esmaeili Givi, H. (2010). Factors Affecting on the Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in a Military Hospital. Journal of Military Medicine, 12(2), 93-99, (In Persian).
Turnley WH, Feldman DC. (2000), Re-examing the effects of psychological contract violations: unmet expectation and job dissatisfaction as mediator. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(1): 25-40
Tansky, J. W. (2005), Justice and otrganizational citizenship behavior: What is the relationship?. Journal of Empmloyee Responsibilities and Rights [online], vol. 6, no. 3, pp: 195-207. Available from: http//www.Springerlink.Com.
Van dyne, L., & Graham, J. (1994), organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 765-802
Yaghoubi M., Saghayeynnezhad Esfahani S., Aboul Ghasem Gorji, H., Nowroozi M., & Rezaei, F. (2009). The Relationship between Organizational Justice with Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment among the Selected Hospital Staff of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Islamic Management, 12 (35), 32-25, (In Persian).
