A study of fundamental and indices of knowledge based economy in Islamic countries of middle-east and North Africa
Subject Areas : Business ManagementAlireza Bafande 1 , Gholamreza Soltanifsgndes 2
1 - Faculty Member of Management Department, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 - Graduate student of industrial management in Tabriz Azad University, member of Tabriz Branch Research Club
Keywords: ICT, Innovation, Knowledge based economy, measuringindices, Islamic countries of Middle East and North Africa,
Abstract :
A knowledge based economy is the one in which production, dissemination and the use of knowledge is known as main factor for growth, production and engagement in a macro-economy. This study deals with knowledge definition, knowledge based economy, pillars of knowledge based economy framework, knowledge networks and measurement indices of knowledge based economy in Islamic countries in Middle-East and north.Africa, using theWorld Bank data and descriptive statistics (radar charts and means). The results showed that the aforementioned countries,in comparison with world mean are in lower position,though they are higher in three indices.The imbalance in knowledge based economy index is clearly visible.
Adams, James D. (1990)," Fundamental stocks of knowledge and Productivity Growth", Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98, No.4, pp.673-702.
APEC (2000), "Towards knowledge-Based Economy in APEC", Report by APEC Economic Committee.
Barro,Robert.(1991),"Economic Growth in across-section of countries", Journal of Economy, Vol.106, No.2, pp.407-443.
Chen, Derek H.C. & Carl J Dahlman.(2005)."The knowledge Economy, the KAM Methodology and world bank operations", The world bank, Washington DC, pp.5-8.
Dahlman, Carl J. (2002)."Challenges for MENA countries from the knowledge revolution", World Bank, Washington D.C
Aubert, Eric& Louis Reiffers.(2003)."Knowledge Economies in the Middle East and North Africa: Toward New Development Startegies", World Bank, Washington D.C, pp.1-5
Emadzadeh, M., & Shahnazi, R. (2007). Investigating the Bases and Indicators of Knowledge-Based Economy and its Position in Selected Countries Compared with Iran. Journal of Economic Research, 4, 148-146, (In Persian).
Entezari, Y. (2004). The Emergence of the Knowledge Economy and the Need for Change in Iran's Education. National Proceedings of Education Reform Engineering, (In Persian).
Hanushek, EricA. & Dennis D. kimko.(2000)."Schooling labor-Force Quality, and the Growth of nations", American Economic Review, Vol.90, No.5, pp.1184-1208.
Imadzadeh, M., R., Shahnazi, & Dehghan Shabani, Z. (2006). A Study on the Realization of the Knowledge-Driven Economy in Iran (Comparative Comparison with Three Neighboring Countries). Economic Quarterly Journal, 2, 107-105, (In Persian).
Lundvall, B.A (1992)."National systems of Innovation", London.
Memarnezhad, A. (2005). The Economics of Basic Knowledge; Requirements, Indicators, Iran's Situation, Challenges and Solutions. Journal of Economics and Business Novin, 1, 85-84, (In Persian).
Niwendi, F. (2004). Introduction to Knowledge Economy. Tehran: Ministry of Industry and Mines, (In Persian).
Nobakht, M. B. (2008). The Study of the Labor Market in Iran and the Effect of Oil Price Increase in this Market Compared with the Countries of the Middle East and North Africa. Labor Market Weekly, 382, (In Persian).
Oliner, S. D., & Daniel, E. S. (2000)."The resurgence of Growth in the late 1990s: Is Information Technology the story? ", Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.14, No.4, pp.3-22
Pilat, Dirk and Frankc Lee (2001)."Productivity Growth in ICT producing and ICT-Using Industries: A source of Growth Differentials in the OECD?"STI working paper.
Romer, Paul M (1986),"Increasing Returns and long- Run Growth ", Journal of political economy, Vol.94, October, pp.102-1037
Shafia, M. A., Motavalliyan, S. R., & Rahnamafard, S.M. (2007). Presentation of Applied Model in Comprehensive Organizational Knowledge Management Planning. First National Conference on Knowledge Management, (In Persian).
Sharma S and Gupta S (2004)."Knowledge, Economy and Intelligent Enterprises: Intelligent Enterprises of the 21st century", Idea Group Publishing, PP.1-10.
Solow, Robert. (1957)."Technical change and the Aggregate Production Function" Review of Economic and statistics, Vol.39, pp312-320
Vahidi, P. (2002). Knowledge Economy and the Role of Research and Development on it, The Conference on Challenges and Perspectives of Iran's Development, (In Persian).
World Bank (2003)."Engendering ICT: Ensuring Gender Equality in ICT for Development ", Washington D.C.
World Bank (2003)."ICT and MDGs: A World bank group perspective, Washington D.C.
World Bank (2008), KEI and KI Indexes (KAM2008) http://info.worldbank.org/etools/kam2/KAM-page.asp.
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Adams, James D. (1990)," Fundamental stocks of knowledge and Productivity Growth", Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98, No.4, pp.673-702.
APEC (2000), "Towards knowledge-Based Economy in APEC", Report by APEC Economic Committee.
Barro,Robert.(1991),"Economic Growth in across-section of countries", Journal of Economy, Vol.106, No.2, pp.407-443.
Chen, Derek H.C. & Carl J Dahlman.(2005)."The knowledge Economy, the KAM Methodology and world bank operations", The world bank, Washington DC, pp.5-8.
Dahlman, Carl J. (2002)."Challenges for MENA countries from the knowledge revolution", World Bank, Washington D.C
Aubert, Eric& Louis Reiffers.(2003)."Knowledge Economies in the Middle East and North Africa: Toward New Development Startegies", World Bank, Washington D.C, pp.1-5
Emadzadeh, M., & Shahnazi, R. (2007). Investigating the Bases and Indicators of Knowledge-Based Economy and its Position in Selected Countries Compared with Iran. Journal of Economic Research, 4, 148-146, (In Persian).
Entezari, Y. (2004). The Emergence of the Knowledge Economy and the Need for Change in Iran's Education. National Proceedings of Education Reform Engineering, (In Persian).
Hanushek, EricA. & Dennis D. kimko.(2000)."Schooling labor-Force Quality, and the Growth of nations", American Economic Review, Vol.90, No.5, pp.1184-1208.
Imadzadeh, M., R., Shahnazi, & Dehghan Shabani, Z. (2006). A Study on the Realization of the Knowledge-Driven Economy in Iran (Comparative Comparison with Three Neighboring Countries). Economic Quarterly Journal, 2, 107-105, (In Persian).
Lundvall, B.A (1992)."National systems of Innovation", London.
Memarnezhad, A. (2005). The Economics of Basic Knowledge; Requirements, Indicators, Iran's Situation, Challenges and Solutions. Journal of Economics and Business Novin, 1, 85-84, (In Persian).
Niwendi, F. (2004). Introduction to Knowledge Economy. Tehran: Ministry of Industry and Mines, (In Persian).
Nobakht, M. B. (2008). The Study of the Labor Market in Iran and the Effect of Oil Price Increase in this Market Compared with the Countries of the Middle East and North Africa. Labor Market Weekly, 382, (In Persian).
Oliner, S. D., & Daniel, E. S. (2000)."The resurgence of Growth in the late 1990s: Is Information Technology the story? ", Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.14, No.4, pp.3-22
Pilat, Dirk and Frankc Lee (2001)."Productivity Growth in ICT producing and ICT-Using Industries: A source of Growth Differentials in the OECD?"STI working paper.
Romer, Paul M (1986),"Increasing Returns and long- Run Growth ", Journal of political economy, Vol.94, October, pp.102-1037
Shafia, M. A., Motavalliyan, S. R., & Rahnamafard, S.M. (2007). Presentation of Applied Model in Comprehensive Organizational Knowledge Management Planning. First National Conference on Knowledge Management, (In Persian).
Sharma S and Gupta S (2004)."Knowledge, Economy and Intelligent Enterprises: Intelligent Enterprises of the 21st century", Idea Group Publishing, PP.1-10.
Solow, Robert. (1957)."Technical change and the Aggregate Production Function" Review of Economic and statistics, Vol.39, pp312-320
Vahidi, P. (2002). Knowledge Economy and the Role of Research and Development on it, The Conference on Challenges and Perspectives of Iran's Development, (In Persian).
World Bank (2003)."Engendering ICT: Ensuring Gender Equality in ICT for Development ", Washington D.C.
World Bank (2003)."ICT and MDGs: A World bank group perspective, Washington D.C.
World Bank (2008), KEI and KI Indexes (KAM2008) http://info.worldbank.org/etools/kam2/KAM-page.asp.
