Analyzing the Effect of Knowledge-based Economy Indices on Countries’ GDP
Subject Areas : Business ManagementKazem Amjadi 1 , Gholamreza Rahbare banaeiyan 2 , Gholamreza Soltani fesgendis 3
1 - department
2 - Faculty Member of Department of Basic Sciences (Instructor) Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
3 - Teacher, Department of Management, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
Keywords: GDP, Human Development Index, Knowledge-based economy,
Abstract :
The increasing importance of the role of knowledge in economy has led to “Knowledge-based economy”. Knowledge-based economy can be considered as a kind of economy in which the creation and application of knowledge play a major role in creating wealth. Accordingly, the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of knowledge-based economy indices on countries’ gross domestic production (GDP). In line with the main aim of the paper, five hypotheses have been proposed. From the viewpoint of the objective, the research is of applied and developmental type, and from the viewpoint of the nature of procedure, it is descriptive. The statistical population includes all the countries whose degree of knowledge-based economy is available in the database of the World Bank. The number of these countries, according to the database, is 148. In order to analyze the data, we used Kolmogorov-Smirnov and regression tests. The results indicate that human development, economic regimes and economic incentives, innovation systems, education and human resources, and information infrastructures have a direct effect on countries’ GDP.
Adams, J. D. (1990), Fundamental stocks of knowledge and productivity growth, Journal of political economy, Vol. 98, No.4, pp.673-702.
APEC (2000), towards knowledge-based economy in APEC, Report by APEC Economic Committee.
Barro, R. (1991), Economic growth in across-section of countries, Journal of Economy, Vol.106, No.2, pp.407-443.
Basseri, B., Asghari, N., & Mohammad Kia, N. (2011). Comparative Analysis of the Role of Econometric Economics Components on Economic Growth. Journal of Economic Research, 16(47), 1-29, (In Persian).
Behbudi, D., & Amiri, B. (2010). The Long-Term Relationship between Economics of Students and Economic Growth in Iran. Science and Technology Policy, 4, 23-32, (In Persian).
Ceric, V. (2003), Building a knowledge economy, American Economic Review, Vol.79, pp. 857-900.
Chen, D.H.C. & Carl J D. (2005), The knowledge economy, the KAM methodology and world bank operations, The world bank, Washington DC, pp.5-8
Chen, D.H.C. & Carl, J D.(2005), The knowledge economy, the KAM methodology and world bank operations, The World Bank, Washington DC, pp.5-8.
Conceicao, P. & M.V. Heitor (1997), Balancing Institutional Integrity with organizational diversity, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 103, pp. 759-784.
Danayi Fard, H. (2004). Knowledge-based Economics and Preservation of University Institutional Integrity. Research and Planning in Higher Education, 33, 163-193, (In Persian).
Dasgupta, P. & David, P. (1994), toward a new economics of science, Research Policy, Vol. 33, pp. 487-521.
Emadzadeh, M., & Shahnazi, R. A. (2007). The Study of the Bases and Indicators of knowledge-Based Economy and its Position in Selected Countries Compared to Iran. Journal of Economic Research, 4, 146-148, (In Persian).
Entezari, Y. (2004). The Advent of the Knowledge Economy and the Necessity of Evolution in Iranian Education. National Proceedings of Education Reform Engineering, (In Persian).
Godin, B. (2001), the knowledge based economy: conceptual framework or buzzword, Economic Journal, Vol. 107, pp.134-149.
Hanushek, E. & kimko, D. D. (2000), Schooling labor-Force Quality, and the growth of nations, American Economic Review, Vol.90, No.5, pp.1184-1208.
Hsu, G.J., Lin, Y.H. & Wei, Z.Y.(2008), Competition policy for technological innovation in an era of knowledge-based economy Knowledge-Based Systems, Volume 21, Issue 8, pp. 826-832.
Imadzadeh, M., Shahnazi, R. A., & Dehghan Shabani, Z. (2006). The Study of the Realization of the Knowledge-Driven Economy in Iran (Comparative Comparison with Three Neighboring Countries). Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, 2, 105-107, (In Persian).
Kerr, A. & Riain, S.Ó. (2009), Knowledge Economy International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Volume 63, Issue 9, pp. 31-36.
Memarnejad, A. (2005). Knowledge Based Economics; Requirements, Indicators, Iran's Situation, Challenges and Strategies. Journal of Economics and Business Novin, 1, (In Persian).
Niwandi, F. (2004). Introduction to Knowledge Economy. Publishers of Tava Design and Industries and Mines, (In Persian).
OECD. (1996), the knowledge based economy, Paris: OECD.
Oliner, S. D. & Sichel, D. E. (2000), the resurgence of growth in the late 1990s: Is information technology the story? Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.14, No.4, pp.3-22.
Pilat, D. & Lee, F. (2001), Productivity growth in ICT producing and ICT-using industries: a source of growth differentials in the OECD?, STI Working Paper, OECD.
Romer, P. M. (1986), Increasing returns and long- run growth, Journal of Political Economy, Vol.94, pp.102-1037.
Sabau, G.L.(2010), Know, live and let live: Towards a redefinition of the knowledge-based economy- sustainable development nexus , Ecological Economics, Volume 69, Issue 6,pp.1193-1201.
Sadeghi, M., & Azarbayejani, K. (2006). The Role and Place of a knowledge-Based Economy in Iran's Labor Demand. Iranian Economic Research, 27, 175-197, (In Persian).
Solow, Robert. (1957), Technical change and the aggregate production function, Review of Economic and statistics, Vol.39, pp. 312-320.
Vahidi, P. (2001). Knowledge-Based Economy and the Role of Research and Development. Challenges and Perspectives, (In Persian).
World Bank. (2003), Engendering ICT: ensuring gender equality in ICT for Development, Washington D.C, September.
World Bank. (2003), ICT and MDGs: a world bank group perspective, Washington D.C December.
Zahedi, Sh. S., & Kheirandish, M. (2007). Explaining Structural Factors in the Knowledge-Driven Economy: A Case Study. Iranian Management Studies, 6, 49-68, (In Persian).
_||_
Adams, J. D. (1990), Fundamental stocks of knowledge and productivity growth, Journal of political economy, Vol. 98, No.4, pp.673-702.
APEC (2000), towards knowledge-based economy in APEC, Report by APEC Economic Committee.
Barro, R. (1991), Economic growth in across-section of countries, Journal of Economy, Vol.106, No.2, pp.407-443.
Basseri, B., Asghari, N., & Mohammad Kia, N. (2011). Comparative Analysis of the Role of Econometric Economics Components on Economic Growth. Journal of Economic Research, 16(47), 1-29, (In Persian).
Behbudi, D., & Amiri, B. (2010). The Long-Term Relationship between Economics of Students and Economic Growth in Iran. Science and Technology Policy, 4, 23-32, (In Persian).
Ceric, V. (2003), Building a knowledge economy, American Economic Review, Vol.79, pp. 857-900.
Chen, D.H.C. & Carl J D. (2005), The knowledge economy, the KAM methodology and world bank operations, The world bank, Washington DC, pp.5-8
Chen, D.H.C. & Carl, J D.(2005), The knowledge economy, the KAM methodology and world bank operations, The World Bank, Washington DC, pp.5-8.
Conceicao, P. & M.V. Heitor (1997), Balancing Institutional Integrity with organizational diversity, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 103, pp. 759-784.
Danayi Fard, H. (2004). Knowledge-based Economics and Preservation of University Institutional Integrity. Research and Planning in Higher Education, 33, 163-193, (In Persian).
Dasgupta, P. & David, P. (1994), toward a new economics of science, Research Policy, Vol. 33, pp. 487-521.
Emadzadeh, M., & Shahnazi, R. A. (2007). The Study of the Bases and Indicators of knowledge-Based Economy and its Position in Selected Countries Compared to Iran. Journal of Economic Research, 4, 146-148, (In Persian).
Entezari, Y. (2004). The Advent of the Knowledge Economy and the Necessity of Evolution in Iranian Education. National Proceedings of Education Reform Engineering, (In Persian).
Godin, B. (2001), the knowledge based economy: conceptual framework or buzzword, Economic Journal, Vol. 107, pp.134-149.
Hanushek, E. & kimko, D. D. (2000), Schooling labor-Force Quality, and the growth of nations, American Economic Review, Vol.90, No.5, pp.1184-1208.
Hsu, G.J., Lin, Y.H. & Wei, Z.Y.(2008), Competition policy for technological innovation in an era of knowledge-based economy Knowledge-Based Systems, Volume 21, Issue 8, pp. 826-832.
Imadzadeh, M., Shahnazi, R. A., & Dehghan Shabani, Z. (2006). The Study of the Realization of the Knowledge-Driven Economy in Iran (Comparative Comparison with Three Neighboring Countries). Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, 2, 105-107, (In Persian).
Kerr, A. & Riain, S.Ó. (2009), Knowledge Economy International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Volume 63, Issue 9, pp. 31-36.
Memarnejad, A. (2005). Knowledge Based Economics; Requirements, Indicators, Iran's Situation, Challenges and Strategies. Journal of Economics and Business Novin, 1, (In Persian).
Niwandi, F. (2004). Introduction to Knowledge Economy. Publishers of Tava Design and Industries and Mines, (In Persian).
OECD. (1996), the knowledge based economy, Paris: OECD.
Oliner, S. D. & Sichel, D. E. (2000), the resurgence of growth in the late 1990s: Is information technology the story? Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.14, No.4, pp.3-22.
Pilat, D. & Lee, F. (2001), Productivity growth in ICT producing and ICT-using industries: a source of growth differentials in the OECD?, STI Working Paper, OECD.
Romer, P. M. (1986), Increasing returns and long- run growth, Journal of Political Economy, Vol.94, pp.102-1037.
Sabau, G.L.(2010), Know, live and let live: Towards a redefinition of the knowledge-based economy- sustainable development nexus , Ecological Economics, Volume 69, Issue 6,pp.1193-1201.
Sadeghi, M., & Azarbayejani, K. (2006). The Role and Place of a knowledge-Based Economy in Iran's Labor Demand. Iranian Economic Research, 27, 175-197, (In Persian).
Solow, Robert. (1957), Technical change and the aggregate production function, Review of Economic and statistics, Vol.39, pp. 312-320.
Vahidi, P. (2001). Knowledge-Based Economy and the Role of Research and Development. Challenges and Perspectives, (In Persian).
World Bank. (2003), Engendering ICT: ensuring gender equality in ICT for Development, Washington D.C, September.
World Bank. (2003), ICT and MDGs: a world bank group perspective, Washington D.C December.
Zahedi, Sh. S., & Kheirandish, M. (2007). Explaining Structural Factors in the Knowledge-Driven Economy: A Case Study. Iranian Management Studies, 6, 49-68, (In Persian).
