Study of sedative preanaesthetic and anxiolytic effects of herbal extract of Tilia platyphyllos scop in comparison with diazepam in the rat

Subject Areas : Veterinary Clinical Pathology

علی Rezaie ¹ , بهبود Jafari ² , CH Ahmadizadeh ³ , محمد Jalilzadeh Hedayati ⁴ , زهره Ostadi ⁵ , A.R Ebadi ⁶ , رامین Shishegar ⁷

1 - Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 - Department of Microbiology, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
3 - Department of Microbiology, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
4 - Department of Chemistry, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
5 - Resident of Anesthesiology, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
6 - Student of Microbiology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Research and Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
7 - Department of Basic Science, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

Received: 2010-08-02 Accepted : 2011-02-15 Published : 2011-05-22

Keywords: Diazepam, Tilia platyphyllos scop, Sedative, Anxiolytic, elevated plus maze,

Abstract :

Tilia platyphyllos scop belongs to the Tiliaceae family and mainly grows in northern parts of the country. It has various pharmacological effects including anxiolytic, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, spasmolytic, tranquilization and sedation, hypnotic and muscular relaxation. In order to study sedative, preanaesthetic and anxiolytic effects herbal extract of Tiliaplatyphyllos scop in comparison with diazepam in different groups of female Wistar rats with the same age and weight, doses of 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and  450 mg/kg of herbal extract, 1.2 mg/kg of diazepam and equal volumes of dimethyl sulfoxide as a placebo were injected to rats intraperitoneally 30 minutes prior to evaluation of sedative and preanaesthetic effects (induced sleep duration following 40 mg/kg administration intraperitoneally) and anxiolytic effects (using elevated plus maze and Rotarod test). Statistical results obtained represent a significant increase in sleep time induced with ketamine and also a significant increase in time spent by rats in open arms of maze with high and low doses of Tiliaplatyphyllos scop herbal extract (p<0.01). The result showed that herbal extract of Tiliaplatyphyllos scop at a dose of 300 mg/kg has sedative, preanaesthetic and anxiolytic effects.

References:

1. پورنوایی، م.د. و سفید کن ، ف. 1386. معرفی گیاهان دارویی ضدسرطان ایران. چاپ اول، انتشارات موسسه تحقیقات جنگل­ها و مراتع کشور، صفحات: 211-210.


2. حاجی آخوندی، ع. و بلیغ، ن. 1381. راهنمای کاربردی گیاهان دارویی. صفحه: 168.


3. رجحان، م.ص. 1379. شفا با داروهای گیاهی. چاپ چهارم، تهران، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، صفحه: 86.


4. زرگری، ع. 1368. گیاهان دارویی ایران. جلد اول، چاپ ششم، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، صفحه: 399.


5. زمان، س. 1997. گیاهان دارویی، (ترجمه)، تألیف: استودولا، ژ.ل. چاپ پنجم، تهران، انتشارات ققنوس، صفحه: 323-322.


6. شیرازیان، ب. 1386. رایحه درمانی و ماساژدرمانی. چاپ اول ، تهران، انتشارات فردوس، صفحات: 142-141.


7. شیرازیان، ب. 1386. گیاهان دارویی. چاپ اول، تهران، انتشارات فردوس، صفحات: 299-298.


8. مظفریان، و. 1375. فرهنگ نام­های گیاهان ایران، فرهنگ معاصر، صفحات: 586-549.


9. میرزایی، م. و رضوی، ا. 1998. فارماکولوژی، (ترجمه)، تألیف: کاتزونگ، ت. چاپ دوم، تهران، انتشارات سما، صفحات: 210- 199.


10. Aeinechi, Y. 1991. Medicinal Plants. Tehran, Tehran university publications, First Edition. p: 1024.


11. Aguirre, H., Ndez, E. Martmez, A.L., Gonzalez-Trujano, M.E. Morenoa, J. and Soto, H. 2007. Pharmacological evaluation of the anxiolytic and sedative effects of Tilia americana L. Var. mexicana in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 109(1):1450-1445.


12. Andrew, C. 1996. The encyclopedia of medicinal plants. p: 275.


13. Bremness, L. 1994. Herbs. London. Dorling Kindersly Book. Second Edition. p: 88.


14. Brickman, G. 2000. Herbal Medicine. London, Integrative Medicine Communication. First Edition. p: 240-242.


15. Bladon, C. 2001. Pharmaceutical Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 123(7):327-332.


16. Duke, J.A. 2002. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. Bocan Raton CRC Press, First Edition. p: 462-468.


17. Duxm, N.Y., Takizawa, N., Guo,Y.T. and Shoyama, Y. 2002. Sedative and anticonvulsant activities of goodyerin, a flavonol glycoside from goodyera schlechtendaliana. Phytother Res. 16(3):261-263.


18. Fluke, H. 2000. Medicinal Plants. Tehran. Roozbahan Publication, First Edition. p: 97.


19. Gudmundson, C. and Lidgren, L. 1973. Dose diphenylhdention accelerate healing of fractures in mice. Acta Orthop Scand. 44(2):640-649.


20. Herrera, R., Ramos, R., Zamipa, A., Tortoriello, J. and Jimenez, J.E. 2008. Flavonoids from Tilia americana with anxiolytic activity in plus-maze test. J Ethnopharmacol. 118(2):312-317.


21. Holmes, A. Parmigiani, P.F., Ferrari, P.F., Palanza, P. and Rodgers, R.J. 2000. Behavioral profile of wild mice in the elevated plus maze test for anxiety. Physiology Behavior. 71:509-516.


22. Hosseinzadeh, H. and Nassin, M.A. 2003. Anticonvulsant sedative and muscle relaxant effects of carbonoxlone in mice, BMC Pharmacol. 3: 1.


23. Jean, B. 1995. Pharmacognosy phytochemistry plants. 103-104.


24. Katzung, B. 2004. Basic and clinical pharmacology. McGraw Hill, Co. 641-682.


25. Langman, M. Gilman, E.A. and Lancoshire, R. 2004. Effect of anti-inflammatoty drugs on over all risk of cancer, case- control study in general practice research data base. Br Med. 1642-1666.


26. Medina, J.H., Viola, H. and Wolfman, C. 1997. Over view-flavonoids a new family of benzodiazepine receptor ligands. Neurochem Res. 22(4):419-425.


27. Perez-ortegaa, G. and Vezd, M. 2008. Sedative and anxiolytic efficacy of Tilia americana Var, mexicana inflorescences used traditionally by. Communities of state of Michoacan Mexico. J Ethnopharmacol. 116(3):461-468.


28. Salgueiro, J.B. Ardenghi, P., Dias, M., Ferreira, M.B. and Medina, J.H. 1997. Anxiolytic natural and synthetic flavonoid Ligands of the central benzodiazepine receptor has no effect on memory tasks in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 58(4):887-891.


29. Silver, D.B. 2000. Healing Plants. London. McGraw Hill Co. Second Edition.160-161.


30. Toker, G., Aslan, M., Yesilada, M.E. and Memisoglu, M. 2001. Comparative evaluation of the flavonoid content if officinal Tilia Flos and Turkish Lime species for quality assessment. J pharm Biomed Anal. 26(1):111-21.


31. Viola, H. Wolfman, C. and Levi, M. 1994. Isolation of pharmacologically active benzodiazepine receptor ligands from Tilia  tomentosa (Tiliaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 44(1):47-53.


32. Wilson, J., Watson, W.P. and Little, H.J. 1998. CCKB antagonists protected against anxiety- related behavior produced by ethanol withdrawal measured using the elevated plus maze. Psychopharmacol. 137:120-31.


33. Zeppa, S. Vallorani, L. and Pitenza, L. 2000. Estimation of fungal biomass and transcript Levels in Tilia platyphyllos tuber borchii ectomy corrhizae. FEMS Microbial Lett. 188(2):119-124.