Determination of infestation rate of Ixodidae ticks to Theileria annulata in Urmia region by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Subject Areas :
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Ahmad Nematoallahi
1
(
Professor, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
)
Iraj Panahi
2
(
M.S. Graduated of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
)
Received: 2020-12-21
Accepted : 2021-04-06
Published : 2021-04-21
Keywords:
PCR,
cattle,
Tick,
Urmia,
Theileria annulata,
Abstract :
Theileriosis is one of the most important protozoan parasitic diseases in Iran that causes economic losses and mortality in livestock. The disease is transmitted by Ixodid ticks and is characterized by fever, anemia, anoxia and eventually death. Diagnosis of the disease was previously based on staining of blood and lymph node samples by Giemsa method. The use of molecular methods is preferred over previous methods due to their high sensitivity and specificity. Due to the fact that Ixodid ticks that can carry the disease are found in many traditional Iranian farms, it is very important to identify and introduce these ticks. The aim of this study was molecular identification of Theileria annulata infection in ticks isolated from cows in Urmia region. A total of 100 ticks from herds with a history of Theileria annulata infection in the area were collected and transferred to the laboratory. Ticks were identified using diagnostic keys. Salivary glands of ticks were separated and analyzed by PCR after isolation using Theileria annulata specific primer (N516, N517). Out of 100 ticks, ten genera and species including Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (33%), Hy. detritum (16%), Boophylus anulatus (16%), Dermacentor marginatum (14%), Rhipicephalus bursa (9%), Hy. anantolicum excavatum (7%), D. niveus (4%) and Haemaphysalis punctate (1%) were identified. The predominant tick was identified as Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum. PCR test showed the presence of 721 bp specific band on agarose gel in 62% of tick samples. The high rate of infection in vector mites in the area indicates their high potential for infection of cows with the agent of Theileria annulata.
References:
Aktas, M., Dumanli, N. and Angin, M. (2004). Cattle infestation by Hyalomma species in the east of Turkey. Veterinary Parasitology, 119(1):1-8.
Bartelett, J.M.S. and Stiling, D. (2003). Methods in Molecular Biology: PCR Protocols: Chapter 7: DNA extraction from tissue. 2nd ed., USA: Human Press. pp: 33-34.
Dehghani, R., Talari, S. and Piazak, N. (2004). Ticks fauna (Acari: Metastigmata) of Kashan-Iran. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 65(2): 19-23. [In Persian]
D'Oliveira, C., Van der Weide, M., Habela, M.A., Jacquiet, P. and Jongejan, F. (1995). Detection of Theileria annulata in blood samples of carrier cattle by PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 33(10): 2665-2669.
Jensen, K., Paxton E., Waddington D., Talbot, R., Darghouth, M.A. and Glass, E.J. (2008). Differences in the transcriptional responses induce by Theileria annulata infection in bovine monocytes derived from resistant and susceptible cattle breeds. International Journal for Parasitology, 38(3-4): 313-325.
Hashemi-Fesharki, R. (1997). Tick-borne parasites of sheep and goats and their related vectors in Iran. Parasitology, 39(2): 115-117.
Kundave, V.R., Patel, A.K., Hasnami, J. and Josh, C.G. (2013). Detection of Theileriosis in cattle and buffaloes by PCR. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 18(2): 345-349.
Mehlhorn, H., Schein, E. and Ahmed, J.S. (1994). Theileria. In: Parasitic Protozoa. Kreier, J.P. editor. 1st ed., USA: Academic Press, pp: 217–304.
Razmi, G.R, Eshrati, H. and Rashtibaf, M. (2006). Prevalence of Theileria spp. infection in sheep in South Khorasan province, Iran. Veterinary Parasitology, 140(3-4): 239-243.
Razmi, G.R., Ebrahimzadeh, E. and Aslani, M.R. (2003). A study about tick vectors of bovine theileriosis in an endemic region of Iran. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, 50(6): 309-310.
Sangwan, A.K., Chhabra, B.M. and Samantaray S. (1989). Relative role of
male and female Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks in Theileria transmission. Veterinary Parasitology, 31(2): 83-87.
Sayin, F., Karaer, Z., Dincer, S., Cakmak, A., Inci, A., Yukari, B.A., et al. (2003). A comparison of susceptibilities to infection of four species of Hyalomma ticks with Theileria annulata. Veterinary Parasitology, 113(1): 115-121.
Smith, M.C. and Sherman, D.M. (2009). Goat Medicine, 2ed ed., USA: Wiley-Blackwell. Iowa, pp: 563-566.
Tavakoli, M., Asmar, M. and Javadian, E. (1999). Geographical distribution of Argazidae and Ixodidae ticks in Lorestan province. Paper Presented at the First Iranian Congress of Medical Entomology. Tehran, Iran. [In Persian]
Tavassoli, M., Tabatabaei, M., EsmaeilNejad, B., Hassani, M., Najafabadi, A. and Pourseyed, S.H. (2011). Detection of Theileria annulata by the PCR-RFLP in ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) collected from cattle in West and North-West Iran. Acta Parasitologica, 56(1): 8-13.
Telmadarraiy, Z., Bahrami, A. and Vatandoost, H. (2004). A Survey on Fauna of Ticks in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 33(4): 65-69.
Walker, A., Camicas, J., Bouattour, A. and Estrada-pana, A. (2004). Ticks of Domestic Animals in the Mediterranean Region. 1st ed. Spain: University of Zaragosa, pp: 20-65.
Yakhchali, M. and Hasanzadehzarza, S.H. (2004). Study on some ecological aspects and prevalence of different species of hard ticks) Acarina: Ixodidae) on cattle, buffalo, and sheep in Oshnavieh suburb. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 63(2): 30-35. [In Persian]
_||_
Aktas, M., Dumanli, N. and Angin, M. (2004). Cattle infestation by Hyalomma species in the east of Turkey. Veterinary Parasitology, 119(1):1-8.
Bartelett, J.M.S. and Stiling, D. (2003). Methods in Molecular Biology: PCR Protocols: Chapter 7: DNA extraction from tissue. 2nd ed., USA: Human Press. pp: 33-34.
Dehghani, R., Talari, S. and Piazak, N. (2004). Ticks fauna (Acari: Metastigmata) of Kashan-Iran. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 65(2): 19-23. [In Persian]
D'Oliveira, C., Van der Weide, M., Habela, M.A., Jacquiet, P. and Jongejan, F. (1995). Detection of Theileria annulata in blood samples of carrier cattle by PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 33(10): 2665-2669.
Jensen, K., Paxton E., Waddington D., Talbot, R., Darghouth, M.A. and Glass, E.J. (2008). Differences in the transcriptional responses induce by Theileria annulata infection in bovine monocytes derived from resistant and susceptible cattle breeds. International Journal for Parasitology, 38(3-4): 313-325.
Hashemi-Fesharki, R. (1997). Tick-borne parasites of sheep and goats and their related vectors in Iran. Parasitology, 39(2): 115-117.
Kundave, V.R., Patel, A.K., Hasnami, J. and Josh, C.G. (2013). Detection of Theileriosis in cattle and buffaloes by PCR. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 18(2): 345-349.
Mehlhorn, H., Schein, E. and Ahmed, J.S. (1994). Theileria. In: Parasitic Protozoa. Kreier, J.P. editor. 1st ed., USA: Academic Press, pp: 217–304.
Razmi, G.R, Eshrati, H. and Rashtibaf, M. (2006). Prevalence of Theileria spp. infection in sheep in South Khorasan province, Iran. Veterinary Parasitology, 140(3-4): 239-243.
Razmi, G.R., Ebrahimzadeh, E. and Aslani, M.R. (2003). A study about tick vectors of bovine theileriosis in an endemic region of Iran. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, 50(6): 309-310.
Sangwan, A.K., Chhabra, B.M. and Samantaray S. (1989). Relative role of
male and female Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks in Theileria transmission. Veterinary Parasitology, 31(2): 83-87.
Sayin, F., Karaer, Z., Dincer, S., Cakmak, A., Inci, A., Yukari, B.A., et al. (2003). A comparison of susceptibilities to infection of four species of Hyalomma ticks with Theileria annulata. Veterinary Parasitology, 113(1): 115-121.
Smith, M.C. and Sherman, D.M. (2009). Goat Medicine, 2ed ed., USA: Wiley-Blackwell. Iowa, pp: 563-566.
Tavakoli, M., Asmar, M. and Javadian, E. (1999). Geographical distribution of Argazidae and Ixodidae ticks in Lorestan province. Paper Presented at the First Iranian Congress of Medical Entomology. Tehran, Iran. [In Persian]
Tavassoli, M., Tabatabaei, M., EsmaeilNejad, B., Hassani, M., Najafabadi, A. and Pourseyed, S.H. (2011). Detection of Theileria annulata by the PCR-RFLP in ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) collected from cattle in West and North-West Iran. Acta Parasitologica, 56(1): 8-13.
Telmadarraiy, Z., Bahrami, A. and Vatandoost, H. (2004). A Survey on Fauna of Ticks in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 33(4): 65-69.
Walker, A., Camicas, J., Bouattour, A. and Estrada-pana, A. (2004). Ticks of Domestic Animals in the Mediterranean Region. 1st ed. Spain: University of Zaragosa, pp: 20-65.
Yakhchali, M. and Hasanzadehzarza, S.H. (2004). Study on some ecological aspects and prevalence of different species of hard ticks) Acarina: Ixodidae) on cattle, buffalo, and sheep in Oshnavieh suburb. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 63(2): 30-35. [In Persian]
