The Effect of Using Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer and Biological Fertilizer on Seed Yield and Protein Percent of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

Subject Areas : Journal of Crop Ecophysiology

Babak Lotfi ¹ , Farbod Fotohi ² , Seyed Ataollahi Siadat ³ , Mehdi Sadeghi ⁴

1 - Graduate Student of Agronomy, Dezfoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Dezfoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran
3 - Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Dezfoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran
4 - Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Dezfoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran

Received: 2016-04-17 Accepted : 2018-02-03 Published : 2018-05-22

Keywords: nitrogen, Cowpea, Yield components, Bio-fertilizer,

Abstract :

To study the possibility of reducing the consumption of nitrogen fertilizer using biological fertilizer on yield and yield components of cowpea. A factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Darreb Shahr in 2012. The first factor, which was at 3 levels of urea nitrogen, containing 0, 50 and 100 kg nitrogen per hectare, and the second factor was the biological fertilizer Nitroxin at 3 levels containing no inoculation, inoculation rate of 1 ml per 60 kg seeds and spraying a rate of 3 liters per ha. The results showed that protein content of seed inoculated with bio-fertilizer nitroxin was 24.96 percent which is one percent more than non-inoculated seeds. The amount of protein obtained in application of nitrogen was also more than non-application treatment and the difference between them was significant. The interaction of urea fertilizer and bio-fertilizer, resulted in highest and the lowest yield in seeds inoculated with 50 kg of urea fertilizer and no fertilizer application biological fertilizer + no fertilizer urea in 2046 and 1336 kg per hectare, respectively. All levels of nitrogen in the highest and the lowest yield was in a state of inoculation and non-application. Generally the results showed that the use of biological fertilizers can be used as part of the nutrients needed by cowpea, Also, if Nitroxin was supplemented with lower amounts of urea fertilizer seed yield may be increased seed yield may be improved.

References:

• · Abayomi, Y.A., and T.O. Abidoye. 2009. Evaluation of cowpea genotypes for soil moisture stress tolerance under screen house conditions. African Journal of Plant Science. 3(10): 229-237.


• · Adediran, J.A., L.B. Taiwo, M.O. Akande, R.A. Sobulo, and O.J. Idowu. 2004. Aplication of organic and inorganic fertilizer for fertilizer for sustainable maize and cowpea yields in Nigeria. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 27: 1163-1181.


• · Aghaalipur, E., F. Farahvash, B. Mirshekari, and A. Eivazi. 2012. The effect of urea, Yashil and Nitragin fertilizers on yield and components of cowpea. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 6 (23): 235-248. (In Persian).


• · Alami Milan, M., R. Amini, and A. Bandeh Hagh. 2015. The effects of bio-fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of pinto beans. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 21(4): 15-29. (In Persian).


• · Bohrani, A., M. Hussaini, S. Memar, and Z. Tahmasbi Sarvestani. 2007. Examine the impact of bacteria Azosperillium and Azotobacter, along with the microelement consumption as spray in the soil, and the use of quantitative and qualitative characteristics 5 varieties after growing wheat, maize Fars province. Agricultural Sciences. 38: 376 - 367. (In Persian).


• · Burelle, N., J.W. Kloepper, and M.S. Reddy. 2006. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as transplant amendments and their effects on indigenous rhizosphere microorganisms. Applied Soil Ecology. 31: 91-100.


• · Cheraghi, S., M. Rafiee, and A. Khorgami. 2011. Effect of foliar nitrogen, planting and residue management on yield and yield components of mung bean plant, environmental conditions Khorramabad. Journal of Crop Physiology Research. 9: 15-30. (In Persian).


• · Dadnia, M.R., and N. Khodabande. 2000. Maximizing of crop yield with the best revenue of using nitrogen fertilizer and inoculation of seed with bacteria in sustainable agriculture system in soybean. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 2 (4): 41-33. (In Persian).


• · Daghighian, N., D. Habibi, H. Madani, and N. Sajedi. 2010. Effect of PGPR the best method and timing of the absorption of N, P, K and seed yield in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris.L.). 5^th National Conference on New Ideas in Agriculture. Islamic Azad University Khorasgan, Faculty of Agriculture.       


• · Dardanelli, M.S., F.J. Fernandez de Cordoba, M. Rosario Espuny, M.A. Rodriuguez Carvajal, M.E. Soria Diaz, A.M. Gil Serrano, Y. Okon, and M. Megias. 2008. Effect of Azospirillum brasilense coinoculated with Rhizobium on Phaseolus vulgar is flavonoids and Nod factor production under salt stress. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 40: 2713–2721.


• · Emam, Y., and M.N. Eilkaee. 2002. Effects of plant density and chlormequat chloride (CCC) on morphological characteristics and grain yield of winter oilseed rape cv. Talayeh. AgronomyScience Journal. 1: 1-8.


• · Fathi, A., A. Farnia, and A. Maleki. 2013. Effects of nitrogen and phosphate biofertilizers on yield and yield components of corn AS71 in Dareh-shahr climate. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 7-1 (25): 105-114. (In Persian).


• · Fathi, A., A. Farnia, and A. Maleki. 2016. Effects of biological nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on vegetative characteristics, dry matter and yield of corn. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi). 29(1): 1-7. (In Persian).


• · Ghosh, P.K., K.K. Bandyopadhyay, M.C. Manna, K.G. Mandal, A.K. Misra, and K.M. Hati. 2004. Comparative effectiveness of cattle manure, poultry manure, phosphocompost and fertilizer-NPK on three cropping systems in vertisols of semi-arid tropics. II. Dry matter yield, nodulation, chlorophyll content and enzyme activity. Bioresource Technology. 95(1): 85-93.


• · Hamzei, J., and S. Najar. 2014. Evaluation of the possibility of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application using nitroxin biofertilizer in the production of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) medicinal plant. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 23(4): 57-70. (In Persian).


• · Karami Chame, S., B. Khalil-Tahmasbi, P. ShahMahmoodi, A. Abdollahi, A. Fathi, S.J. Seyed Mousavi, and S. Bahamin. 2016. Effects of salinity stress, salicylic acid and pseudomonas on the physiological characteristics and yield of seed beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Scientia Agriculturae. 14(2): 234-238.


• · Khalilzade, R., M. Tajbakhsh, and J. Jalilian. 2012. Effect of foliar extracts of organic fertilizers, biological and morphological properties of urea on the relationship between plant roots and agricultural. 12^th Crop Science Congress. Islamic Azad University of Karaj. 14-16 September. (In Persian).


• · Meena, J.S., H.P. Verma, and P. Pancholi. 2014. Effect of fertility levels and biofertilizers on yield, quality and economic of cowpea. Agriculture for Sustainable Development. 2(2): 162-164.


• · Mohamad Varzy, R., D. Habibi, S. Vazan, and A. Pakze. 2011. The effect of stimulating the growth of bacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on quality sunflower seeds. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 6 (23): 248-235. (In Persian).


• · Omidi, H., H.A. Naghdibadi, H. Golzad, H. Turabi, and M.H. Ftokian. 2009. The chemical and biological nitrogen fertilizers impact on the performance of the qualitative and quantitative saffron Crocus sativus L. Medicinal Plants. 2(30): 109 -98. (In Persian).


• · Sadeghipour, A., and N. Banakdar Hashemi. 2016. Effect of drought tolerance epibrassinolide in cowpea. Journal of Crop Physiology. 26: 44-52. (In Persian).


• · Saiadi, V., A. Poraboqhadareh, and M. Zare. 2012. Effect of seed pretreatment levels 2, 4-D and Azesperlium strain of bacteria on yield and yield components of mungbean. 12^th Crop Science Congress. Islamic Azad University of Karaj. 14-16 September. (In Persian).


• · Sharma, A.K. 2002. Bio-fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios, India 407p.


• · Shaukat, K., S. Afrasayad, and S. Hasan. 2006. Growth responses of Helianthus annus to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria used as a biofertilizer. Journal Agricalture Research. 1: 573-581. (In Persian).

• Yousefpoor, Z., and A. Yadavi. 2014. Effect of biological and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen and phosphorus on quantitative and qualitative yield of sunflower. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 24(1): 95-112. (In Persian).