Formulating Biophilic Urban Design Criteria to Organize Central Texture of Cities

Subject Areas : Life Space Journal

Shayan  Asadi ¹ (MSc., Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.)
Seyed Mohammadreza  Khatibi ² (Assistant professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran. Corresponding Author.)

Received: 2020-12-12 Accepted : 2021-03-15 Published : 2021-04-22

Keywords: Qazvin, Urban Design, central texture, Biophilic,

Abstract :

One major problem of urbanization during recent years is the waned or eliminated environmental components from urban life that is the root cause of various problems encountered in urban settlements. Environmental quality loss in urban spaces, especially in city centers, caused designers and planners to propose various approaches in an effort to compensate damages to the environment. In recent years, as a solution to environmental pollutions, urban planners and designers have developed different approaches with unique features and guidelines, distinguishing them from one another; based on the components forming them. Regaining urban nature and natural characteristics of residential areas was a unique solution which was designed and implemented in many projects during recent years. Biophilic urbanism is a modern and comprehensive plan proposed to organize different cities around the world and improve their environmental qualities, built on their environmental potentials. Proposing solutions based on environmental capabilities of areas of intervention, considering existing situation, the approach is supposed to provide a realistic plan and bring urban plan achievement rate to the highest level. This approach has tried to reconcile nature with dense urban spaces in the city and provide the presence of natural and bio-centered elements as one of the main components of urban space design. Therefore, accurate knowledge of urban spaces with the potential to implement these components is one of the most important tools in order to achieve a biophilic city. The city of Qazvin has been surrounded, by traditional gardens and numerous natural spaces for centuries, which has made it known as one of the most important cities in the country with a good climate for many years. Unfortunately, in recent years, due to the growth of urbanization as well as the widespread destruction of traditional orchards around the city and natural green spaces in the city, there is a lack of natural spaces in urban textures.In this Article , it tries to exploit the theoretical sources in relation to this approach and study the world experiences in this regard and using descriptive methods and data analysis in the sources, based on the method of working group design to extract urban design criteria based on biophilic approach in central texture of cities. The central texture of Qazvin as one of the ancient urban spaces in Iran and also due to the natural green spaces left over from big urban gardens during the prosperity and glory of the capital of the Safavid dynasty, can be the first executive pilot of this model in the country. Also, in order to achieve the design model of central urban textures based on biophilic approach, eight essential criteria include: 1- Form, body and structure 2- Transportation and access 3- Use and activities 4- Landscape system 5- Educational system and raising people's awareness 6- Ecology 7- Management and policy making system 8- Energy was extracted from the obtained information in order to implement it in the field of intervention.In the next step, biophilic urban design criteria were developed to organize the central textures of the city, which included two stages of design criteria. Then, the process of compiling a biophilic urban design guide for the central textures of cities was pointed out, which was in fact a clear path to achieve the final strategies for implementation in the field of intervention.Finally, suggestions and strategies for the implementation of these components in the central urban textures  and especially the intervention area (the Square of Shohada or Sabzeh Meydan in Qazvin and the surrounding accesses), Based on the eight necessary criteria mentioned and based on the type of intervention and action in the mentioned space were developed and presented. the results of this Article show that , in case of potential in urban central tissues , By using biophilic urban design components, the presence of natural elements in dense and compact urban spaces can be provided and in the design of urban spaces, the realization of a nature-oriented city can also be helped.Therefore, it can be acknowledged that the use of biophilic urban design components can be an important device in organizing urban central textures.

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