Comparative approach; studying the concept of dhikr from the perspective of Abolhassan Kharghani and Seyed Ali Hamedani

Subject Areas : Comparative Literature Studies

monira  mollaee ¹ (PhD student, Department of Religions and Comparative Mysticism, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran.)
mohammadali  mir ² (** Associate Professor, Department of Theology and Islamic, Faculty of Humanities, Gorgan University, Gorgan, Iran(corresponding author))
ARASTOO  MIRANI ³ (Department of Theology and Islamic Studies, Orientation of Religions and Comparative Mysticism, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Gorgan, Iran.)

Received: 2023-02-07 Accepted : 2023-02-07 Published : 2023-02-20

Keywords: secret, Hamedani, nearness, dhikr, kharghani,

Abstract :

Mystics consider divine memory to be one of the most important steps of mystical conduct to reach divine closeness. In this mystical view, we have studied Sayed Ali ibn Shahab ibn Muhammad Hamedani (714-786 AH), one of the mystics of Ahl al-Sahu and a follower of the Kabruyeh Tariqat (Doctrine), and Sheikh Abul Hassan Ali ibn Jafar ibn Salman Kharghani (352-425 AH), one of the mystics of Ahl al-Qabz and Bayazid Bastami's follower in a comparative study. The purpose of this research is to investigate the concept of Zikr (Remembrance), similarities and differences, explanation and effect of Zikrs from the perspective of the two mystics. Considering that Kharghani and Hamedani have had attention and special initiatives in the field of Zikr, it was considered necessary to examine their opinions in this field. From the comparative study of the concept of Zikr from the point of view of the discussed mystics, it is known that they were able to give meaning to the concept of Zikr with a romantic view and combine science and practice with knowledge. According to the findings of the research, the most important similarity in the concept of Zikr, from the point of view of these two mystics, is that they considered Zikr as divine remembrance and self-forgetfulness and fading into the essence of divinity. They gave importance to verses and traditions in their Zikr. The most important difference between them is the popular attitude of Kharghani and scholar attitude of Hamedani and the type of saying Zikr (public or secret), the highest Zikr and the time of Zikr. For this reason, their opinions have been examined according to the type of epistemological knowledge in their conduct and divine proximity. This research, with an analytical, documentary-descriptive method, with an emphasis on the theoretical framework of Kharghani and Hamedani's prose works, in library and digital form, has explained the differences and commonalities of the foundations and consequences of Zikr in their conduct.