Comparative study of the transcendental concept of "demon" in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Hadith Sanai

Subject Areas : Comparative Literature Studies

Reza Moradian ¹ , Dr. Khorshid Norouzi ² , Dr. Khadijeh Bahrami Rahnama ³

1 - PhD Student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Imam Shahri Yadegar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Shahreri, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Imam Shahrari Memorial Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. Shahrari. Iran
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Imam Memorial Unit, Shahreri, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Shahreri, Iran

Received: 2020-08-01 Accepted : 2020-08-01 Published : 2020-05-21

Keywords: comparative literature, demon, Sanai Al-Haqiqah Hadith, Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Transcendental Concept,

Abstract :

Shahnameh and Hadiqah, as two important literary works in two different epic and mystical subjects, have many similarities. One of the similarities between the two is the transcendental concepts of demon, which are used in both works, and cause these two works to have a special affinity in terms of aspect. Transcendental principles and themes and surreal ideas can be traced back to the mythological beliefs, religious beliefs and intellectual traditions of the time and even mystical ideas. The objective manifestations of the demon are based on mythological beliefs that have sometimes been used to symbolize Ferdowsi. The word demon was common in Iranian culture before Islam and changed after the advent of Islam and gave way to jinn. In this research, which is descriptive-analytical and with a library method; The supernatural concept of demon has been criticized in Shahnameh as the most important epic work and Hadiqah al-Haqiqah as the foremost official mystical work by mentioning evidences and comparing their frequency. This research shows that in Shahnameh, the demon has lost its previous position and the authority of the court and the influence they have had in existence has been drastically reduced and they have approached a lower position. While Sanai emphasizes its mystical aspects; Sometimes he uses it in the sense of jinn and sometimes in the sense of inner devil; In some cases, he thinks the same as the meaning of the devil, and sometimes, by using it metaphorically, he opens the door to interpretation and interpretation to this concept.