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Manuscript ID : TEEGES-2210-1046 Visit : 278 Page: 20 - 52

10.30486/teeges.2022.1971633.1046

Article Type: Review Article

A Review on the Non-Conventional Protection Schemes for Active Distribution Networks

Subject Areas : Power Engineering

Farzad  Hajimohammadi 1 (Akhtar Bargh Esfahan Company, Isfahan, Iran)
Ehsan  Heydarian-Forushani 2 (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Qom University of Technology, Qom, Iran)
Seyed Fariborz  Zarei 3 (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Qom University of Technology, Qom, Iran)
Hossein  Mokhtari 4 (Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2022-08-04 Accepted : 2022-11-30 Published : 2023-05-22

Keywords: Distributed Generation (DG), Protection Technique, Microgrid (MG), Distribution Network (DN),

Abstract :

In this paper, the different protection challenges of active distribution networks are reviewed and the conventional and non-conventional schemes are examined. In active distribution networks, due to the presence of distributed generations at different levels of distribution network, the functionality of the conventional protection strategies are partially or totally are affected. Therefore, the protection strategies should be updated, and the conventional protective schemes and characteristics should be changed. In this paper, first, the potential protection issues raised of active distribution networks are reviewed. Among the challenges, the bidirectional flow of the fault current, the increased amplitude of fault current, the dependency of the fault current on the operating point, the reduction of reach of the relays, the blinding of the protective relay, unwanted islanding, and etc. are reviewed. Then, the performance of the conventional protections including fuses, overcurrent relays, reclosers under such conditions has been investigated. Furthermore, the existing modified protection methods in the literature are examined, which are classified into two general categories of (i) protective relays with unconventional characteristics, and (ii) adaptive protective relays. Finally, the studied different methods are compared with each other, and their performance characteristics are evaluated.

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