Resource Management in Hybrid Millimeter-Wave and Microwave Ultra-Dense Networks using TDD Duplexing
Subject Areas : Telecommunications Engineering
Zahra Mahjoobi
1
,
Nima Reisi
2
1 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Millimeter Wave, Ultra-dense Network, 5G Cellular Network, Resource allocation, Microwave,
Abstract :
Millimeter wave (mW) communication is one of the key enabling technologies for meeting the vast data demand growth and bandwith scarcity. The mmWave band offers higher bandwidth compare with those presently used in commercial wireless systems, which resuls in higher achievable capacity. To improve the user experience in the 5G communication, it is proposed to utilize the composition of microwave (μW) and millimeter wave networks. On the other hand, an ultra-dense network (UDN) has been envisioned as a promising network paradigm for spectrum efficiency enhancement. In this paper, the cellular network using TDD duplexing, consists of both mW and μW base stations. BSs and users are distributed in both indoor and outdoor environments with Poisson point distribution. Our aim is to calculate the spectral efficiency for both mW and μW sysyems, based on the base stations and users distribution. Moreover, the effect of BS density on spectral efficiency is evaluated. Finally, the problem of maximizing the downlink rate is formulated and solved as a linear optimization problem so that the minimum uplink rate is guaranted. The simulation results show that by servicing both mW and μW simultaneously on uplink and downlink, high spectral efficiency can be achieved and with the help of optimal resources allocation, the network’s perfomance is improved about 3dB.
[1] J. Navarro-Ortiz, P. Romero-Diaz, S. Sendra, P. Ameigeiras, J. J. Ramos-Munoz and J. M. Lopez-Soler, "A Survey on 5G Usage Scenarios and Traffic Models," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 905-929, Secondquarter 2020, doi: 10.1109/COMST.2020.2971781.
[2] M. Kamel, W. Hamouda and A. Youssef, "Ultra-Dense Networks: A Survey," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 2522-2545, Fourthquarter 2016, doi: 10.1109/COMST.2016.2571730.
[3] J. D. Roth, M. Tummala and J. C. McEachen, "Fundamental Implications for Location Accuracy in Ultra-Dense 5G Cellular Networks," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 1784-1795, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TVT.2018.2885413.
[4] M. Ardanuҫ, M. Başaran and L. Durak-Ata, "Energy Efficient Base Station Deployment in Ultra Dense Heterogeneous Networks via Poisson Hole Process," 2019 27th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), 2019, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/SIU.2019.8806459.
[5] K. Venkateswararao and P. Swain, "Traffic aware sleeping strategies for Small-Cell Base Station in the Ultra dense 5G Small Cell Networks," 2020 IEEE REGION 10 CONFERENCE (TENCON), 2020, pp. 102-107, doi: 10.1109/TENCON50793.2020.9293754.
[6] Q. Zhang, K. Luo, W. Wang and T. Jiang, "Joint C-OMA and C-NOMA Wireless Backhaul Scheduling in Heterogeneous Ultra Dense Networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 874-887, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2019.2949791.
[7] W. Yang, J. Zhang and J. Zhang, "On Performance of Ultra-Dense Neighborhood Small Cell Networks in Urban Scenarios," IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1378-1382, April 2021, doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2020.3043205.
[8] Q. Liu and Z. Zhang, "The Joint Allocation of Spectrum Resources with Power Control in Ultra Dense Networks," 2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT), 2019, pp. 888-891, doi: 10.1109/ICCT46805.2019.8947261.
[9] Trung Q. Duong; Xiaoli Chu; Himal A. Suraweera, "Cooperative Video Streaming in Ultra‐ dense Networks with D2D Caching," in Ultra-Dense Networks for 5G and Beyond: Modelling, Analysis, and Applications , Wiley, 2019, pp.267-288, doi: 10.1002/9781119473756.ch12.
[10] J. Park, S. -L. Kim and J. Zander, "Tractable Resource Management With Uplink Decoupled Millimeter-Wave Overlay in Ultra-Dense Cellular Networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 4362-4379, June 2016, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2016.2540626.
[11] R. Tao, W. Liu, X. Chu and J. Zhang, "An Energy Saving Small Cell Sleeping Mechanism With Cell Range Expansion in Heterogeneous Networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 2451-2463, May 2019, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2019.2895028.
[12] J. Park, S. -L. Kim and J. Zander, "Asymptotic behavior of ultra-dense cellular networks and its economic impact," 2014 IEEE Global Communications Conference, 2014, pp. 4941-4946, doi: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2014.7037588.
[13] Park, Jihong, Seong-Lyun Kim, and Jens Zander. "Resource management and cell planning in millimeter-wave overlaid ultra-dense cellular networks." arXiv preprint arXiv:1504.05025, 2015.
[14] B. Li, Y. Dai, Z. Dong, E. Panayirci, H. Jiang and H. Jiang, "Energy-Efficient Resources Allocation With Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO in Ultra Dense HetNets by SWIPT and CoMP," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 4435-4451, July 2021, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2021.3058776.
[15] M. Kim, S. -E. Hong and J. Kim, "Analysis of Directional Communication via Relaying Devices in mmWave WPANs," IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 342-345, March 2012, doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2011.122211.112196.
_||_[1] J. Navarro-Ortiz, P. Romero-Diaz, S. Sendra, P. Ameigeiras, J. J. Ramos-Munoz and J. M. Lopez-Soler, "A Survey on 5G Usage Scenarios and Traffic Models," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 905-929, Secondquarter 2020, doi: 10.1109/COMST.2020.2971781.
[2] M. Kamel, W. Hamouda and A. Youssef, "Ultra-Dense Networks: A Survey," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 2522-2545, Fourthquarter 2016, doi: 10.1109/COMST.2016.2571730.
[3] J. D. Roth, M. Tummala and J. C. McEachen, "Fundamental Implications for Location Accuracy in Ultra-Dense 5G Cellular Networks," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 1784-1795, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TVT.2018.2885413.
[4] M. Ardanuҫ, M. Başaran and L. Durak-Ata, "Energy Efficient Base Station Deployment in Ultra Dense Heterogeneous Networks via Poisson Hole Process," 2019 27th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), 2019, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/SIU.2019.8806459.
[5] K. Venkateswararao and P. Swain, "Traffic aware sleeping strategies for Small-Cell Base Station in the Ultra dense 5G Small Cell Networks," 2020 IEEE REGION 10 CONFERENCE (TENCON), 2020, pp. 102-107, doi: 10.1109/TENCON50793.2020.9293754.
[6] Q. Zhang, K. Luo, W. Wang and T. Jiang, "Joint C-OMA and C-NOMA Wireless Backhaul Scheduling in Heterogeneous Ultra Dense Networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 874-887, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2019.2949791.
[7] W. Yang, J. Zhang and J. Zhang, "On Performance of Ultra-Dense Neighborhood Small Cell Networks in Urban Scenarios," IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1378-1382, April 2021, doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2020.3043205.
[8] Q. Liu and Z. Zhang, "The Joint Allocation of Spectrum Resources with Power Control in Ultra Dense Networks," 2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT), 2019, pp. 888-891, doi: 10.1109/ICCT46805.2019.8947261.
[9] Trung Q. Duong; Xiaoli Chu; Himal A. Suraweera, "Cooperative Video Streaming in Ultra‐ dense Networks with D2D Caching," in Ultra-Dense Networks for 5G and Beyond: Modelling, Analysis, and Applications , Wiley, 2019, pp.267-288, doi: 10.1002/9781119473756.ch12.
[10] J. Park, S. -L. Kim and J. Zander, "Tractable Resource Management With Uplink Decoupled Millimeter-Wave Overlay in Ultra-Dense Cellular Networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 4362-4379, June 2016, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2016.2540626.
[11] R. Tao, W. Liu, X. Chu and J. Zhang, "An Energy Saving Small Cell Sleeping Mechanism With Cell Range Expansion in Heterogeneous Networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 2451-2463, May 2019, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2019.2895028.
[12] J. Park, S. -L. Kim and J. Zander, "Asymptotic behavior of ultra-dense cellular networks and its economic impact," 2014 IEEE Global Communications Conference, 2014, pp. 4941-4946, doi: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2014.7037588.
[13] Park, Jihong, Seong-Lyun Kim, and Jens Zander. "Resource management and cell planning in millimeter-wave overlaid ultra-dense cellular networks." arXiv preprint arXiv:1504.05025, 2015.
[14] B. Li, Y. Dai, Z. Dong, E. Panayirci, H. Jiang and H. Jiang, "Energy-Efficient Resources Allocation With Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO in Ultra Dense HetNets by SWIPT and CoMP," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 4435-4451, July 2021, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2021.3058776.
[15] M. Kim, S. -E. Hong and J. Kim, "Analysis of Directional Communication via Relaying Devices in mmWave WPANs," IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 342-345, March 2012, doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2011.122211.112196.
