A Study of the Effect of Gender Diversity in Board of Directors on Tax Evasion Considering the Moderating Role of Social Accountability
Subject Areas : Ethics and accounting
Hossein Ahmadpour
1
,
Akbar Kanani
2
1 - PhD. Student, Department of Accounting, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Accounting, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran.
Keywords: Gender Diversity, Board of Directors, Social Accountability, Tax evasion,
Abstract :
Purpose: The purpose of the present research is to study the impact of gender diversity in board of directors on tax evasion considering the moderating role of social accountability in corporations accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2014 to 2021. Method: The research statistical population consisted of all corporations accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange, among which 105 companies were chosen as the study sample. Multivariate linear regression statistical analysis was used for the research hypothesis testing. Panel data were used for the hypothesis testing. Results: The research results showed that gender diversity in board of directors has a significantly positive relation with social accountability. Moreover, gender diversity in board of directors has a significantly negative relation with tax evasion. Social accountability intensifies the correlation between gender diversity in board of directors and tax evasion. Conclusion: With regard to the impact of gender diversity on board of directors, it is suggested to the managers, investors, and creditors to pay more attention to gender diversity in board of directors in order to avoid the abusive behavior of directors and corporate tax evasion. Besides, it is recommended to the tax auditors to monitor companies that have social irresponsibility because they have higher risk of tax evasion. Managers of corporations which have more social accountability can take measures to attract more investment by giving transparent financial statements and highlighting their accountability to the investors.
اسماعیل‌‌پور، رضا؛ رضائی پیته‌‌نوئی، یاسر؛ غلامرضاپور، محمد (1398). مسئولیتپذیری اجتماعی شرکت و ضعف کنترل‌‌های داخلی: آزمون تجربی نظریه ذینفعان و علامت‌‌دهی. حسابداری ارزشی و رفتاری، 4(8)، ص۳۱۸-۳۳۸.
افضلی، آزاده؛ اشرفی، مجید؛ نادریان، ارش؛ گرگانلی دوجی، جمادوردی (1402). بررسی تاثیر مادی‌گرایی هیأت مدیره بر مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکت. دانش حسابداری و حسابرسی مدیریت، 13(50)، ص187-202.
الهیاری، عباس؛ پورزمانی، زهرا؛ ترابی، تقی (1399). اثربخشی ابعاد حاکمیت شرکتی بر رابطه مسئولیت اجتماعی و عدالت مالیاتی. حسابداری مدیریت، 11(38)، ص27-46.
باباجانی، جعفر؛ ستایش، محمدحسین (1386). تعیین شاخص‌های ارزیابی عملکرد و بررسی قابلیت‌های سیستم حسابداری دانشگاه‌ها و موسسات آموزش عالی به منظور تحقق پاسخ‌گویی مالی و عملیاتی. بررسیهای حسابداری و حسابرسی، 14(49).
پیته نوئی، یاسر؛ غلامرضاپور، محمد؛ کاظمی، پوریا؛ امیرنیا، نرجس (1400). بررسی نقش تعدیلی مالکیت خانوادگی بر رابطه بین مسئولیتپذیری اجتماعی و اجتناب مالیاتی: آزمون نظریه ثروت اجتماعی- عاطفی و نمایندگی. پژوهشهای حسابداری مالی، 13(1)، ص45-66.
حساس یگانه، یحیی؛ بولو، قاسم؛ رضائی، شهروز (1398). الگویی برای تأثیر ابعاد منتخب مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکت بر اجتناب و فرار مالیاتی. پژوهشهای حسابداری مالی، 11(4)، ص111-130.
حساس یگانه، یحیی؛ رضایی، شهروز (1397). مدلی برای تأثیر مسئولیت اجتماعی و هزینه‌های مدیریت مالیات شرکت بر اجتناب و فرار مالیاتی. مطالعات تجربی حسابداری مالی، 15(55)، ص27-58.
دارابی، رویا؛ پاشانژاد، یوسف؛ تدین‌فرد، اسماعیل (1396). بررسی رابطۀ بین مسئولیت اجتماعی، عملکرد اقتصادی و اجتناب از مالیات شرکتهای پذیرفته‌‌شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. بررسیهای حسابداری، 4(15)، ص67-92.
فخاری، حسین؛ فصیح، الهام (1395). تاثیر مالکیت خانوادگی بر ساختار سرمایه شرکتهای پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران (مبتنی بر تئوری نمایندگی). دانش سرمایه‌گذاری، 5(20)، ص145-164.
فخری، مجید؛ پازکی، علی؛ خوشکار، فرزین (1400). بررسی تاثیر توانایی مدیریت بر رابطه حاکمیت شرکتی و اجتناب مالیاتی. رویکردهای پژوهشی نوین مدیریت و حسابداری، 3(11)، ص22-41.
قرنجیک، آرزو؛ گرکز، منصور (1398). در بررسی رابطه بین برخی مکانیزم‌های حاکمیت شرکتی با اجتناب مالیاتی در شرکتهای پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. دانش حسابرسی، 18(70)، ص175-193.
نظری ابربکوه، علی؛ عزیزی، میدیا (1401). بررسی رابطه سرمایه انسانی و سرمایه اجتماعی اعضای هئیت مدیره و عملکرد مالی شرکت‌ها. مطالعات اخلاق و رفتار در حسابداری و حسابرسی، 2(2)، ص87-132.
Abbott, W. & Monsen, R. (2012). On the measurement of corporate social responsibility: Self-reported disclosure as a measure of corporate social involvement. Academic Management Journal, Vol.22, p.501-15.
Ali, F., Wang, M., Jebran, K. & Ali, S.T. (2021). Board diversity and firm efficiency: evidence
from China. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 21(4),
p. 587-607. DOI: 10.1108/CG-10-2019-0312
Arora, A. & Bodhanwala, S. (2018). Relationship between corporate governance index and firm performance: Indian evidence. Global Business Review, 19(3), p. 675-689.
DOI: 10.1177/2F0972150917713812
Babin, B.J. & Svensson, G. (2012). Structural equation modeling in social science research: issues of validity and reliability in the research process. European Business Review, 24(4), p. 320-330. DOI: 10.1108/09555341211242132
Carroll, A.B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, 34(4), p. 39-48.
Chen, L.H., Gramlich, J. & Houser, K.A. (2019). The effects of board gender diversity on a firm’s risk strategies. Accounting & Finance, 59(2), p. 991-1031.
Chen, S., Chen, X., Cheng, Q. & Shevlin, T. (2010). Are Family Firms More Tax Aggressive than Non‐financial Firms? Journal of Financial Economics, 95(1), p. 41–61.
Chouaibi, J., Rossi, M. & Abdessamed, N. (2021). The effect of corporate social responsibility practices on tax avoidance: an empirical study in the French context. Competitiveness Review:
An International Business Journal incorporating Journal of Global Competitiveness, 32(3),
p. 326-349.
Chouaibi, J., Rossi, M. & Abdessamed, N. (2021). The effect of corporate social responsibility practices on tax avoidance: an empirical study in the French context. Competitiveness Review:
An International Business Journal incorporating Journal of Global Competitiveness, 32(3),
p. 326-349.
Dakhli, A. (c2021). The impact of ownership structure on corporate social responsibility: the moderating role of financial performance. Society and Business Review, 16(4), p. 562-591.
DOI: 10.1108/ SBR-01-2021-0013
Dakhli, A. (d2021). The impact of ownership structure on corporate tax avoidance with corporate social responsibility as mediating variable. Journal of Financial Crime, 29(3), p. 836-852.
DOI: 10.1108/JFC-07-2021-0152
Davis, A.K., Guenther, D.A., Krull, L.K. & Williams, B.M. (2016). Do socially responsible firms paymoretaxes? The Accounting Review, 91(1), p. 47-68.
Desai, M.A. & Dharmapala, D. (2006). Corporate tax avoidance and high-powered incentives. Journal of Financial Economics, 79(1), p. 145-179.
Dur´an, R., Lozanoand, M.B. & Yama, S. (2016). Is Family Control Relevant for Corporate Cash Holding Policy? Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 43(9), p. 1325–1360.
Govindan, K., Kilic, M., Uyar, A. & Karaman, A.S. (2021). Drivers and value-relevance of CSR performance in the logistics sector: a cross-country firm-level investigation. International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 231, p. 107835. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107835
Hanlon, M. & Heitzman, S. (2010). A review of tax research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2-3), p. 127-178.
Hoseini, M., Gerayli, M.S. & Valiyan, H. (2019). Demographic characteristics of the board of directors’ structure and tax avoidance. International Journal of Social Economics, 46(2), p. 199-212.
DOI: 10.1108/IJSE-11-2017-0507
Jarboui, A., Saad, M.K.B. & Riguen, R. (2020). Tax avoidance: do board gender diversity and sustainability performance make a difference? Journal of Financial Crime, 27(4), p. 1389-1408. DOI: 10.1108/JFC-09-2019-0122
Jensen, M.C. & Meckling, W.H. (1976). Theory of the firm: managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), p. 305-360.
Johnston, M.C. & Meckling, W.H. (2011). Theory of the firm: managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), p. 305-360.
king, G., Taylor, G. & Lanis, R. (2019). The impact of financial distress on corporate tax avoidance spanning the global financial crisis: Evidence from Australia. Economic Modelling, Vol. 44, p. 44.
Landry, S., Deslandes, M. & Fortin, A. (2013). Tax Aggressiveness, Corporate Social Responsibility and Ownership Structure. Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy, 14(3).
Lanis, R., Richardson, G., Govendir, B. & Pazmandy, G. (2020). The effect of board of directors’ expertise and tax avoidance on corporate debt. Accounting & Finance, 61(3), p. 4475-4511.
DOI: 10.1111/acfi.12738.07
López‐González, E., Martínez‐Ferrero, J. & García‐Meca, E. (2019). Does Corporate Social Responsibility Affect Tax Avoidance: Evidence from Family Firms. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, Vol. 26, p. 819-831.
Majed, L.R., Makri, M. & Kintana, M.L. (2019). Diversification Decisions in Family‐Controlled Firms. Journal of Management Studies, 47(2), p. 223-252.
Martinez-Jimenez, R., Hern_andez-Ortiz, M.J. & Cabrera Fern_andez, A.I. (2020). Gender diversity influence on board effectiveness and business performance. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 20(2), p. 307-323. DOI: 10.1108/CG-07-2019-0206
Mason, C. & Simmons, J. (2014). Embedding Corporate Social Responsibility in Corporate Governance: A Stakeholder Systems Approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 119(1), p. 77-86.
Montenegro, T. (2021). Tax Evasion, Corporate Social Responsibility and National Governance: A Country-Level Study. Sustainability,13(20). DOI: 10.3390/su132011166
Mouakhar, K., Kachouri, M., Riguen, R. & Jarboui, A. (2020). The effect of sustainability performance and CSR on corporate tax avoidance with board gender diversity as mediating variable. Recherches en Sciences deGestion, Vol. 3, p. 303-339.
Natalia, M., Carolina, V. & Joni, J. (2021). Relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure, corporate governance, and tax avoidance. KINERJA, 25(1).
https://doi.org/10.24002/kinerja.v25i1.4198
Pertiwi, S.R. & Prihandini, W. (2021). Gender diversity as the moderating effect on tax avoidance, economic value added, and firm value: a study of companies listed on Indonesia stock exchange 2015-2019. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 5(1), p. 241-255.
Rahman, J.M. & Leqi, L.I. (2021). Corporate social responsibility (CSR): focus on tax avoidance and financial ratio analysis. Accountancy Business and the Public Interest.
Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3773360
Reguera-Alvarado, N. & Bravo-Urquiza, F. (2021). The influence of board social capital on corporate social responsibility reporting. Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-11-2020-0359
Reguera-Alvarado, N. & Bravo-Urquiza, F. (2021). The influence of board social capital on corporate social responsibility reporting. Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-11-2020-0359
Richardson, G., Taylor, G. & Lanis, R. (2016). Women on the board of directors and corporate tax aggressiveness in Australia. Accounting Research Journal, 29(3), p. 313-331.
Salhi, B., Riguen, R., Kachouri, M. & Jarboui, A. (2019). The mediating role of corporate social responsibility on the relationship between governance and tax avoidance: UK common law versus French civil law. Social Responsibility Journal, 16(8), p.1149-1168.
DOI: 10.1108/SRJ-04-2019-0125
Sheikh, S. (2019). Corporate social responsibility and firm leverage: The impact of market competition. Research in International Business and Finance, No.48, p.496-510.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2018.11.002
Sikka, P. (2010). Smoke and Mirrors: Corporate Social Responsibility and Tax Avoidance A Reply to Hasseldine and Morris. Accounting Forum, 37(1), p. 15-38.
Suranta, E., Midiastuty, P. & Hasibuan, H.R. (2020). The effect of foreign ownership and foreign board commissioners on tax avoidance. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, 22(3), p. 309-318.
Vacca, A., Iazzi, A., Vrontis, D. & Fait, M. (2020). The role of gender diversity on tax aggressiveness and corporate social responsibility: evidence from Italian listed companies. Sustainability, 12(5).
Yuan, Y., Gaoliang, T., Louise, Y.L. & Yangxin, Y. (2021). CEO Ability and Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 157(2), p.391-411.
_||_
