A review of highly pathogenic avian influenza in non-waterfowl wild bird

Subject Areas :

محمدحسین فلاح ¹ (بخش تحقیق بیماریهای ویروسی طیور. موسسه رازی)
نجمه معتمد ² (بخش تحقیق و تشخیص بیماریهای طیور، موسسه تحقیقات واکسن و سرم‌سازی رازی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران)
عبدالحمید شوشتری ³ (بخش تحقیق و تشخیص بیماریهای طیور، موسسه تحقیقات واکسن و سرم‌سازی رازی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران)
آرش قلیانچی لنگرودی ⁴ (بخش میکروبیولوژی و ایمنی‌شناسی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران)

Received: 2017-06-23 Accepted : 2017-12-12 Published : 2018-08-23

Keywords: آنفلوانزای فوق حاد, کبوترسانان, گنجشک سانان, شاهین سانان و طوطی سانان, Highly pathogenic avian influenza, Columbiformes, Falconiformes, , Passeriformes, Psittaciformes,

Abstract :

Abstract:Every year, the outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza occurs when migratory birds migrate to different countries.. Because of high economic losses and its effects on public health, increase in the outbreaks of this disease,have increased concern in global societies.Most of the non-waterfowl wild bird Species are susceptible to HPAI and for various reasons, including free-range flying, contact with domestic poultry and in some cases contact with industrial poultries, migrating some species and moving between different countries, international trade, in some cases smuggling of them, andclose contact with humans because of their maintenance as entertainment or as games bird, they arepotentialy important in the ecology HPAI viruses. Most reports of this disease in the nonwaterfowl wild birds are the H5N1 subtype. The least susceptibility to HPAI viruses has been observed in the pigeon and starling spicies, and probably these spicieshavethe least role in the epidemiology of these viruses. While other Passeriformes, Falconiformes and parrots are highly susceptible to HPAI. In the most reported outbreaks in the Falconiformes and crows, the main causes of the infection were using the carcasses of the affected birds or contact with them. The main cause of the susceptibility of these birds to the influenza viruses is the presences of the alpha 2 and 3 sialic acid receptors in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of them. The most common signs that observed in these birds are neurologic signs and the highest viral concentration has been observed in the brain.Due to the susceptibility of non-waterfowl wild birds, and the large number of these birds and the close contact between migratory birds with domestic and industrial birds and the possibility of transmission of infection to other birds and humans, these birds should be considered in the designing of influenza surveillance programs and in the outbreaks of HPAI.    

References:

 

1. Abolnik, C. (2014). A current review of avian influenza in pigeons and doves (Columbidae). Veterinary Microbiology170: 181-196.


2.  Adrianus, C. M. B., Matthew, R. S., Patrick, S., Richard, J. W., Thaweesak, S., Yi, G. and Robert, G. W. (2007). Role of Terrestrial Wild Birds in Ecology of Influenza A Virus (H5N1). Emerging Infectious Disease journal 13: 1720.


3. Alexander, D. J. (2007). Summary of avian influenza activity in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australasia, 2002-2006. Avian Disease51: 161-166.


4. Bragstad, K., Jorgensen, P. H., Handberg, K., Hammer, A. S., Kabell, S. and Fomsgaard, A. (2007). First introduction of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza A viruses in wild and domestic birds in Denmark, Northern Europe. Virology Journal4: 43.


5. Brown, J. D., Stallknecht, D. E., Berghaus, R. D. and Swayne, D. E. (2009). Infectious and lethal doses of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus for house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and rock pigeons (Columbia livia). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 21: 437-445.


6. Couacy-Hymann, E., Danho, T., Keita, D., Bodjo, S. C., Kouakou, C., Koffi, Y. M., Beudje, F., Tripodi, A., de Benedictis, P. and Cattoli, G. (2009). The first specific detection of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) in Ivory Coast. Zoonoses Public Health 56: 10-15.


7. Desvaux, S., Marx, N., Ong, S., Gaidet, N., Hunt, M., Manuguerra, J. -C., Sorn, S., Peiris, M., Van der Werf, S. and Reynes, J. -M. (2009). Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) Outbreak in Captive Wild Birds and Cats, Cambodia. Emerg Infect Dis 15: 475-478.


8. ElBakrey, R. M., Mansour, S. M. G., Ali, H., Knudsen, D. E. B. and Eid, A. A. M. (2016). First detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 in common kestrel falcon (Falco tinnunculus) in Egy. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Resear 64: s9-s14.


9.  Ellis, T. M., Barry Bousfield, R., Bissett, L. A., Dyrting, K. C., Luk, G. S. M., Tsim, S. T., Sturm-ramirez, K., Webster, R. G., Guan, Y. and Peiris, J. S. M. (2004). Investigation of outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in waterfowl and wild birds in Hong Kong in late 2002. Avian Pathology 33: 492-505.


10. Fallah Mehrabadi, M. H., Bahonar, A. R., Tehrani, F., Vasfimarandi, M., Sadrzadeh, A., Ghafouri, S. A., Meshkat, M. and Masror, F. (2015). Avian influenza H9N2 seroepidemiological survey in rural domestic poultry of Iran. Iran ournal of Epiemiology. 10: 1-8.


11. Fallah Mehrabadi, M. H., Bahonar, A. R., Vasfi Marandi, M., Sadrzadeh, A., Tehrani, F. and Salman, M. D. (2016). Sero-survey of Avian Influenza in backyard poultry and wild bird species in Iran-2014. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 128: 1–5.


12. Fasina, F. O., Bisschop, S. P. R., Joannis, T. M., Lombin, L. H. and Abolnik, C. (2008). Molecular characterization and epidemiology of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in Nigeria. Epidemiology and Infection 137: 456-463.


13. Franca, M., Stallknecht, D. E. and Howerth, E. W. (2013). Expression and distribution of sialic acid influenza virus receptors in wild birds. Avian Pathology42: 60-71.


14. Ghafouri, S. A., Langeroudi, A. G., Maghsoudloo, H., Tehrani, F., Khaltabadifarahani, R., Abdollahi, H. and Fallah, M. H. (2017). Phylogenetic study-based hemagglutinin (HA) gene of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) detected from backyard chickens in Iran, 2015. Virus Genes 53: 117-120.


15.  Ghafouri, S. A., GhalyanchiLangeroudi, A., Maghsoudloo, H., Kh Farahani, R., Abdollahi, H., Tehrani, F. and Fallah, M. H. (2017). Clade 2. 3. 4. 4 avian influenza A (H5N8) outbreak in commercial poultry, Iran, 2016: the first report and update data. Tropical Animal Health and Production49: 1089-1093


16. Han, Y., Hou, G., Jiang, W., Han, C., Liu, S., Chen, J., Li, J., Zhang, P., Huang, B., Liu, Y. and Chen, J. (2012). A Survey of Avian Influenza in Tree Sparrows in China in 2011. PLOS ONE 7: e33092.


17. Hon, S. I., Mia Kim, T., Rocio, C., Paul, K., Paul, D., Kristin, G. M., Timothy, B., Lyndon, B., Barbara, B., Valerie, S. -B., Mary Lea, K., Janice, C. P., Nichole, H., Thomas, G., Thomas, J. D. and Jonathan, M. S. (2015). Novel Eurasian Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A H5 Viruses in Wild Birds, Washington, USA, 2014. Emerging Infectious Disease journal 21: 886.


18. Isoda, N., Sakoda, Y., Kishida, N., Bai, G. R., Matsuda, K., Umemura, T. and Kida, H. (2006). Pathogenicity of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, A/chicken/Yamaguchi/7/04 (H5N1) in different species of birds and mammals. Archive of Virology151: 1267-1279.


19. Jiao, P., Song, Y., Yuan, R., Wei, L., Cao, L., Luo, K. and Liao, M. (2012). Complete Genomic Sequence of an H5N1 Influenza Virus from a Parrot in Southern China. Journal of Virology 86: 8894-8895.


20. Kaleta, E. F., Blanco Pena, K. M., Yilmaz, A., Redmann, T. and Hofheinz, S. (2007). Avian influenza A viruses in birds of the order Psittaciformes: reports on virus isolations, transmission experiments and vaccinations and initial studies on innocuity and efficacy of oseltamivir in ovo. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 114: 260-267.


21. Kaleta, E. F. and Honicke, A. (2005). A retrospective description of a highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (H7N1/Carduelis/Germany/72) in a free-living siskin (Carduelis spinus Linnaeus, 1758) and its accidental transmission to yellow canaries (Serinus canaria Linnaeus, 1758). Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 112: 17-19


22. Khan, O. A., Shuaib, M. A., Rhman, S. S., Ismail, M. M., Hammad, Y. A., Baky, M. H., Fusaro, A., Salviato, A. and Cattoli, G. (2009). Isolation and identification of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus from Houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii) and contact falcons. Avian Pathology38: 35-39.


23. Khan, S. U., Berman, L., Haider, N., Gerloff, N., Rahman, M. Z., Shu, B., Rahman, M., Dey, T. K., Davis, T. C., Das, B. C., Balish, A., Islam, A., Teifke, J. P., Zeidner, N., Lindstrom, S., Klimov, A., Donis, R. O., Luby, S. P., Shivaprasad, H. L. and Mikolon, A. B. (2014). Investigating a crow die-off in January-February 2011 during the introduction of a new clade of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 into Bangladesh. Archive of Virology159: 509-518.


24. Knipe, D. M. and Howley, P. M. (2013), Fields virology. 6th edition ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.


25. Kord, E., Kaffashi, A., Ghadakchi, H., Eshratabadi, F., Bameri, Z. and Shoushtari, A. (2014). Molecular characterization of the surface glycoprotein genes of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses detected in Iran in 2011. Tropical Animal Health and Production46: 549-554.


26. Kou, Z., Lei, F. M., Yu, J., Fan, Z. J., Yin, Z. H., Jia, C. X., Xiong, K. J., Sun, Y. H., Zhang, X. W., Wu, X. M., Gao, X. B. and Li, T. X. (2005). New genotype of avian influenza H5N1 viruses isolated from tree sparrows in China. Journal of Virology79: 15460-15466.


27. Kwon, Y. K., Joh, S. J., Kim, M. C., Lee, Y. J., Choi, J. G., Lee, E. K., Wee, S. H., Sung, H. W., Kwon, J. H., Kang, M. I. and Kim, J. H. (2005). Highly pathogenic avian influenza in magpies (Pica pica sericea) in South Korea. Journal of wildlife diseases 41: 618-623.


28. Lierz, M., Hafez, H. M., Klopfleisch, R., Lüschow, D., Prusas, C., Teifke, J. P., Rudolf, M., Grund, C., Kalthoff, D., Mettenleiter, T., Beer, M. and Harder, T. (2007). Protection and Virus Shedding of Falcons Vaccinated against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Virus (H5N1). Emerging Infectious Disease journal13: 1667-1674.


29. Liu, Y., Han, C., Wang, X., Lin, J., Ma, M., Shu, Y., Zhou, J., Yang, H., Liang, Q., Guo, C., Zhu, J., Wei, H., Zhao, J., Ma, Z. and Pan, J. (2009). Influenza A virus receptors in the respiratory and intestinal tracts of pigeons. Avian Pathology 38: 263-266.


30. Liu, Q., Ma, J., Kou, Z., Pu, J., Lei, F., Li, T. and Liu, J. (2010). Characterization of a highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2. 3. 4 virus isolated from a tree sparrow. Virus Research147: 25-29.


31. Magnino, S., Fabbi, M., Moreno, A., Sala, G., Lavazza, A., Ghelfi, E., Gandolfi, L., Pirovano, G. and Gasperi, E. (2000). Avian influenza virus (H7 serotype) in a saker falcon in Italy. Veterinary Record146: 740.


32. Mansour, S. M., ElBakrey, R. M., Ali, H., Knudsen, D. E. and Eid, A. A. (2014). Natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Egypt. Avian Pathology 43: 319-324.


33. Manvell, R. J., McKinney, P., Wernery, U. and Frost, K. (2000). Isolation of a highly pathogenic influenza A virus of subtype H7N3 from a peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). Avian Pathology 29: 635-637.


34. Mariette, F. D., Zekiba, T., Marc, C. T., Adama, S., Sebastien de, L., Brandon, Z. L., Ian, H. B., Albert, D. M. E. O., Ron, A. M. F., Jean-Bosco, B. O. and Claude, P. M. (2007). Genetic Characterization of HPAI (H5N1) Viruses from Poultry and Wild Vultures, Burkina Faso. Emerging Infectious Disease journal 13: 611.


35. Marinova-Petkova, A., Georgiev, G., Seiler, P., Darnell, D., Franks, J., Krauss, S., Webby, R. J. and Webster, R. G. (2012). Spread of Influenza Virus A (H5N1) Clade 2. 3. 2. 1 to Bulgaria in Common Buzzards. Emerging Infectious Disease journal 18: 1596-1602.


36. Naguib, M. M., Kinne, J., Chen, H., Chan, K. H., Joseph, S., Wong, P. C., Woo, P. C., Wernery, R., Beer, M., Wernery, U. and Harder, T. C. (2015). Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2. 3. 2. 1c in hunting falcons and kept wild birds in Dubai implicate intercontinental virus spread. Journal of General Virology96: 3212-3222.


37. Nishiguchi, A., Yamamoto, T., Tsutsui, T., Sugizaki, T., Mase, M., Tsukamoto, K., Ito, T. and Terakado, N. (2005). Control of an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, caused by the virus sub-type H5N1, in Japan in 2004. revue scientifique et technique journal 24: 933-944.


38. OIE. (2006c). Update on highly pathogenic avian influenza in animals (type H5 and H7) [Internet]. Availableat: http://www. oie. int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/update-on-avian-influenza/2006/


39. OIE. (2015), Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines. Office international des épizooties.


40. OIE. (2017a). Update on highly pathogenic avian influenza in animals (type H5 and H7) [Internet]. Avialable at http://www. oie. int/wahis_2/public%5C%5Ctemp%5Creports/en_fup_0000023659_20170505_133144. pdf.


41. Panigrahy, B., Senne, D. A., Pedersen, J. C., Shafer, A. L. and Pearson, J. E. (1996). Susceptibility of pigeons to avian influenza. Avian Disease40: 600-604.


42. Perkins, L. E. and Swayne, D. E. (2002). Pathogenicity of a Hong Kong-origin H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus for emus, geese, ducks, and pigeons. Avian Disease46: 53-63.


43. Perkins, L. E. and Swayne, D. E. (2003). Varied pathogenicity of a Hong Kong-origin H5N1 avian influenza virus in four passerine species and budgerigars. Veterinary Pathology40: 14-24.


44. Pillai, S. P., Suarez, D. L., Pantin-Jackwood, M. and Lee, C. W. (2008). Pathogenicity and transmission studies of H5N2 parrot avian influenza virus of Mexican lineage in different poultry species. Veterinary Microbiology129: 48-57.


45. Poetranto, E. D., Yamaoka, M., Nastri, A. M., Krisna, L. A., Rahman, M. H., Wulandari, L., Yudhawati, R., Ginting, T. E., Makino, A., Shinya, K. and Kawaoka, Y. (2011). An H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolated from a local tree sparrow in Indonesia. Microbiology and Immunology55: 666-672.


46. Shivakoti, S., Ito, H., Otsuki, K. and Ito, T. (2010). Characterization of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolated from a mountain hawk eagle in Japan. Journal Veterinary Medicine Science72: 459-463.


47. Swayne, D. E., Glisson, J. R., McDougald, L. R., Nolan, L. K., Suarez, D. L. and Nair, V. (2013), Diseases of Poultry. Vol. 13th. Iowa 50010, USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 1395.


48. Takekawa, J. Y., Prosser, D. J., Newman, S. H., Muzaffar, S. B., Hill, N. J., Yan, B., Xiao, X., Lei, F., Li, T., Schwarzbach, S. E. and Howell, J. A. (2010). Victims and vectors: highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 and the ecology of wild birds. Avian Biology Research 3: 51-73.


49. Tanimura, N., Tsukamoto, K., Okamatsu, M., Mase, M., Imada, T., Nakamura, K., Kubo, M., Yamaguchi, S., Irishio, W., Hayashi, M., Nakai, T., Yamauchi, A., Nishimura, M. and Imai, K. (2006). Pathology of fatal highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus infection in large-billed crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) during the 2004 outbreak in Japan. Veterinary Pathology43: 500-509.


50. Van Borm, S., Thomas, I., Hanquet, G., Lambrecht, B., Boschmans, M., Dupont, G., Decaestecker, M., Snacken, R. and van den Berg, T. (2005). Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in smuggled Thai eagles, Belgium. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 702-705.


51. van den Brand, J. M. A., Krone, O., Wolf, P. U., van de Bildt, M. W. G., van Amerongen, G., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. and Kuiken, T. (2015). Host-specific exposure and fatal neurologic disease in wild raptors from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 during the 2006 outbreak in Germany. Veterinary Research 46: 24.