Evaluation Ecological Niche Factor Analysis in Modeling Suitability Habitat of Boar (Sus scrofa, Linnaeus, 1758) in Arak Jassib Wildlife
Subject Areas : Water and Environmentsahar rezaei 1 , Saeid Nadert 2 , peyman karami 3 , Farzad Hoshyar 4
1 - M.Sc. Habitats and Biodiversity, Department of Natural Resources, University of Guilan
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of the Environment, College of Natural Resources, University of Guilan
3 - Environmental Assessment, Department of Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan
4 - M.Sc., Habitats and biodiversity, Department of Natural Resources, University of Gorgan
Keywords: Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Jassib Wildlife Sanctuary, Habitat Utility, Ecological niche factor analys,
Abstract :
The information about the geographical distribution and habitat selection is the core of the conservation and management of threatened species. Habitat destruction is one of the major threats to biodiversity. Therefore, knowledge of the need for biological and identify favorable habitats for wild boar have very important role in the way of habitat species management. This study is going to model the habitat of wild boar in Jassib wildlife sanctuary and determine the most important environmental factors affecting the choice of species-habitat. The provided survey has conducted in one-year period in four different seasons of the year. So Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) and software Bayvmpr was used. Information layers used as effective variables on the species consisted of, slope, aspect, elevation, distance from the source, the distance from the village, away from canals, roads, vegetation index, vegetation type, land use and distance to human development, respectively. The results of the analysis showed that ecological niche factor, Boyce index values for average algorithm median, mean geometric distance, the harmonic mean and minimum distance during four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) and a one-year period is not really enough. Boyce can be concluded based on index values; the accuracy is not very good production. The reason for this variance is high, indicating low precision and low predictive power of the model. Based on index values of Boyce it can be concluded that the accuracy production is not very good. The reason is for the higher variance which indicating lower precision predictive power of the model. Thus, ecological niche factor analysis model is less functional due to low quality and small-scale habitats. The ecological niche factor analysis is not a good way to study the habitat of Jassib hogs Wildlife. Therefore, identification of species distribution and dispersion of wild boar in Jassib wildlife sanctuary have paly important role as a facilitator for executives and environmental experts and farmers in order to achieve an efficient management to reduce conflict as well as identify areas that are at high risk damage and their protection must be in a priority as well.
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24- Padalia, H., Srivastava, V., & Kushwaha, S. P. S. (2014). Modeling potential invasion range of alien invasive species, Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. in India: Comparison of MaxEnt and GARP. Ecological Informatics, 22, 36-43.
25- Ostfeld, R. S. (1990). The ecology of territoriality in small mammals. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 5(12), 411-415.
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28- Sérgio, C., Figueira, R., Draper, D., Menezes, R., & Sousa, A. J. (2007). Modelling bryophyte distribution based on ecological information for extent of occurrence assessment. Biological Conservation, 135(3), 341-351
29- Brotons, L., Thuiller, W., Araújo, M. B., & Hirzel, A. H. (2004). Presence‐absence versus presence‐only modelling methods for predicting bird habitat suitability. Ecography, 27(4), 437-448.
30- خلیلی، فرزانه. (1393). بررسی انتخاب زیستگاه و مدلسازی مطلوبیت زیستگاه سنجاب ایرانی در مناطق حفاظت شده استان کهگلویه و بویر احمد. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشکده منابع طبیعی. دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان.
_||_1- Groves, C. P. (1991). Suid and dicotylid systematics today. Biology of suidae. IRGM, Grenoble, 20-30.
2- Genov, P. V. and Massei, G., 2004. The environmental impact of wild boar. Galemys: Boletín informativo de la Sociedad Española para la conservación y estudio de los mamíferos. 16(1), 135-145.
3- Mitchell, J., Dorney, W., Mayer, R., & McIlroy, J. (2008). Ecological impacts of feral pig diggings in north Queensland rainforests. Wildlife Research, 34(8), 603-608.
4- Singer, F. J., Otto, D. K., Tipton, A. R., & Hable, C. P. (1981). Home ranges, movements, and habitat use of European wild boar in Tennessee. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 343-353.
5- Chavarria, P. M., Lopez, R. R., Bowser, G., & Silvy, N. J. (2007). A landscape-level survey of feral hog impacts to natural resources of the Big Thicket National Preserve.
6- Didham, R. K., Tylianakis, J. M., Hutchison, M. A., Ewers, R. M., & Gemmell, N. J. (2005). Are invasive species the drivers of ecological change?. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 20(9), 470-474.
7- گشتاسب میگونی، حمید. شمس اسفند آباد، بهمن. عطایی، فرهاد. مظفری، عبدالحسین. (1391)، مدل سازی مطلوبیت زیستگاه گراز (Susscrofa) در منطقه الموت شرقی استان قزوین. محیط زیست طبیعی (منابع طبیعی ایران). دوره 65. شماره 2. صفحه 247-258.
8- Praca, E., & Gannier, A. (2008). Ecological niches of three teuthophageous odontocetes in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Ocean Science, 4(1), 49-59.
9- Abaigar, T., Del Barrio, G., & Vericad, J. R. (1994). Habitat preference of wild boar (Sus scrofa L., 1758) in a Mediterranean environment. Indirect evaluation by signs. Mammalia, 58(2), 201-210.
10- Górecki, G., Łabudzki, L., Skubis, J., & Wlazełko, M. (2009). Habitat selection of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Zielonka Game Investigatory Centre-radio telemetry research. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria, 8(3).
11- فلاح باقری، فریبا. فراشی، آزیتا. (1390). مدلسازی زیستگاه گرگ (Canis lupus) در پارک ملی کلاه قاضی با استفاده از روش تحلیل فاکتوری آشیان بوم شناختی ENFA. علوم دامی (پژوهش و سازندگی). دوره 24. شماره3. صفحه 11-18.
12- میگونی، جاسب. (1371). بررسی پناهگاه حیات وحش جاسب. اداره کل محیط زیست استان مرکزی. 67 صفحه.
13- اداره کل محیط زیست استان مرکزی (1393). معاون طبیعی دفتر زیستگاهها و تنوع زیستی. 67 صفحه.
14- جعفری، علی. میرزایی، روح الله. زمانی، رسول. محمودی، احمد. (1395). مدلسازی پراکنش قوچ و میش اصفهان در منطقه حفاظت شده تنگ صیاد بر اساس بهبود اریب دادههای حضور و انتخاب متغیرهای مناسب با استفاده از حداکثر آنتروپی. بوم شناسی کاربردی. سال پنجم. شماره 15. صفحه 39-48.
15- گلجانی. رضا. 1390. بررسی مطلوبیت زیستگاه زمستانه قوچ و میش در منطقه البرز مرکزی. مجله منابع طبیعی ایران. شماره 2. صفحه 173-186.
16- Carpenter, G., Gillison, A. N., & Winter, J. (1993). DOMAIN: a flexible modelling procedure for mapping potential distributions of plants and animals. Biodiversity & Conservation, 2(6), 667-680.
17- Farber, O., & Kadmon, R. (2003). Assessment of alternative approaches for bioclimatic modelling with special emphasis on the Mahalanobis distance. Ecological Modelling 160.
18- Manel, S., Dias, J. M., Buckton, S. T., & Ormerod, S. J. (1999). Alternative methods for predicting species distribution: an illustration with Himalayan river birds. Journal of Applied Ecology, 36(5), 734-747
19- Hirzel, A. H., Hausser, J., & Perrin, N. (2007). Biomapper 4.0. Laboratory for Conservation Biology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Switzerland. URL: http://www2. unil. ch/biomapper
20- Srisang, W., Jaroensutasinee, K., & Jaroensutasinee, M. (2007). Assessing Habitat-Suitability Models with a Virtual Species at Khao Nan National Park, Thailand. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering, 1(1), 1-6
21- Minaee, H & Berozirad, B (1393). Check habitat of wild boar in the mountain region of Lorestan Khan archer using methods (HEP) The first national conference on environmental management and planning assessment in Iran. 16 page. (in farsi)
22- Zaniewski, A. E., Lehmann, A., & Overton, J. M. (2002). Predicting species spatial distributions using presence-only data: a case study of native New Zealand ferns. Ecological modelling, 157(2), 261-280
23- Wang, X., Xu, W., & Ouyang, Z. (2009). Integrating population size analysis into habitat suitability assessment: implications for giant panda conservation in the Minshan Mountains, China. Ecological research, 24(5), 1101-1109.
24- Padalia, H., Srivastava, V., & Kushwaha, S. P. S. (2014). Modeling potential invasion range of alien invasive species, Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. in India: Comparison of MaxEnt and GARP. Ecological Informatics, 22, 36-43.
25- Ostfeld, R. S. (1990). The ecology of territoriality in small mammals. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 5(12), 411-415.
26- Padalia, H., Srivastava, V., & Kushwaha, S. P. S. (2014). Modeling potential invasion range of alien invasive species, Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. in India: Comparison of MaxEnt and GARP. Ecological Informatics, 22, 36-43.
27- حبیبی، لیلا. (1387). ارزیابی زیستگاه هوبره در حوضه نائین با استفاده از روشهای تحلیل عامل آشیان بوم شناختیو فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشکده منابع طبیعی. دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان.
28- Sérgio, C., Figueira, R., Draper, D., Menezes, R., & Sousa, A. J. (2007). Modelling bryophyte distribution based on ecological information for extent of occurrence assessment. Biological Conservation, 135(3), 341-351
29- Brotons, L., Thuiller, W., Araújo, M. B., & Hirzel, A. H. (2004). Presence‐absence versus presence‐only modelling methods for predicting bird habitat suitability. Ecography, 27(4), 437-448.
30- خلیلی، فرزانه. (1393). بررسی انتخاب زیستگاه و مدلسازی مطلوبیت زیستگاه سنجاب ایرانی در مناطق حفاظت شده استان کهگلویه و بویر احمد. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشکده منابع طبیعی. دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان.
