Study of CO2 Emission Reduction in Case of Utilizing Ground-Source Heat Pump System (Vardavard Substation Building as a Case Study)
Subject Areas : Renewable EnergySaeed Shayamehr 1 , Majid Abbaspour 2
1 - Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
Keywords: Geothermal heat pump, Reduction of environmental pollutants, Carbon dioxide, Greenhouse gases, Power substation building.,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: While the use of geothermal heat pump systems to provide cooling and heating can have a positive effect on the peak shaving of electricity in the hot season, the widespread use of it has a significant impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The present study investigates the extent of carbon dioxide emissions in a case study project - Vardavard power substation building - in which air-source heat pump systems and electric heaters are replaced by ground-source heat pump systems.
Material and Methodology: In this study, first geothermal heat pump system coefficient of performance is calculated by data logging and then the analysis of cooling and heating load consumption and CO2 emission is carried out through modeling.
Findings: The results show that the use of geothermal heat pump system in the case study building has reduced CO2 emissions by 63% in the heating phase, 29% in the cooling phase and 54% in the whole year. The saving rate considering the consumption of the ground coil circulation pump is 41%.
Discussion and Conclusion: While Implementation of ground source heat pumps in the substation buildings throughout the country is considered a good opportunity to apply energy saving solutions in the body of the Ministry of Energy, it provides the basis for the development of solutions to reduce environmental pollutants by energy authorities. Substation buildings are considered a suitable option for the development of such projects due to the fact that using gas as fuel is prohibited in substations.
1. Sixed five-year development plan law, Article 48 (1396). (In Persian)
2. Tavanir – Iran power generation, transmission and distribution management company. (In Persian)
3. Deputy for electricity and energy affairs, energy balance sheet 2017. (In Persian)
4. COP 21 Paris France Sustainable Innovation [Internet]. [cited 2020 Dec 29]. Available from: http://www.cop21paris.org/
5. Kavanaugh S. Geothermal Heating and Cooling. 2014. 26–34 p. Available from: http://library1.nida.ac.th/termpaper6/sd/2554/19755.pdf
6. Bayer P, Saner D, Bolay S, Rybach L, Blum P. Greenhouse gas emission savings of ground source heat pump systems in Europe: A review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev [Internet]. 2012;16(2):1256–67. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.09.027
7. Blum P, Campillo G, Münch W, Kölbel T. CO2 savings of ground source heat pump systems - A regional analysis. Renew Energy. 2010;35(1):122–7.
8. Weisser D. A guide to life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electric supply technologies. Energy. 2007;32(9):1543–59.
9. Genchi Y, Kikegawa Y, Inaba A. CO2 payback-time assessment of a regional-scale heating and cooling system using a ground source heat-pump in a high energy-consumption area in Tokyo. Appl Energy. 2002;71(3):147–60.
10. Nguyen H V., Law YLE, Zhou X, Walsh PR, Leong WH, Dworkin SB. A techno-economic analysis of heat-pump entering fluid temperatures, and CO2 emissions for hybrid ground-source heat pump systems. Geothermics [Internet]. 2016; 61:24–34. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2016.01.013
11. Aditya GR, Narsilio GA. Environmental assessment of hybrid ground source heat pump systems. Geothermics. 2020;87(April).
12. Gajewski A, Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk K, Krawczyk DA. Carbon dioxide emissions during air, ground, or groundwater heat pump performance in Białystok. Sustain. 2019;11(18).
13. Koroneos CJ, Nanaki EA. Environmental impact assessment of a ground source heat pump system in Greece. Geothermics [Internet]. 2017; 65:1–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2016.08.005
14. Litjens GBMA, Worrell E, van Sark WGJHM. Lowering greenhouse gas emissions in the built environment by combining ground source heat pumps, photovoltaics and battery storage. Energy Build [Internet]. 2018;180:51–71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.09.026
