A Survey on Effect of Mining Activities on Accumulation of Cd in feathers of Common chukar (Alectoris chukar) (Case Study: Ahangaran Mine)

Subject Areas : environmental management

Ramin Zamani ¹ (MSc Graduated Department of Environment, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran. * (Corresponding Author))
Bahareh Lorestani ² (Assistant Professor of Environmental Economics, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Hamedan, Iran.)
Mehrdad Cheraghi ³ (Assistant Professor of Environmental Economics, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Hamedan, Iran.)
Qorbanali Mohammadpour ⁴ (PhD Student of Environmental Pollution Environmental Department, University of Science and Research, Tehran, Iran.)
Fatemeh Kazemini ⁵ (Expert of the Environmental Protection Agency of Hamedan Province, Hamedan, Iran.)

Received: 2014-01-05 Accepted : 2014-11-01 Published : 2017-03-21

Keywords: Heavy Metals, mine, Feather, Alectoris chukar,

Abstract :

Abstract Background and Objective: Natural mineral layers are composed of large amounts of heavy metals which are released into the nature during the mining process. Birds will be exposed to heavy metals by direct contact, contaminated food and water and even swallowing the gravels and digesting them in their gizzard. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of cadmium in eathers of Alectoris chukar in Ahangaran mine and the impact of factors such as age, sex, and tissue on accumulation of heavy metals. Method: In this study, samples of breast and tail feathers from 9 samples in mining region and from 3 samples in control region were taken. Atomic absorption spectrometry, model SpectrAA 400, was used to measure the accumulation of heavy metals. Findings: The results indicate that the average cadmium concentration measured in feathers of Alectoris chukar in the mineral-rich region was 2/18 μg/g, whereas this average in the control region was 0/54 μg/g. Comparisons showed that in the mining region the concentration of cadmium was slightly higher than the standard level and in the control regions it was lower than the standard level. However, this difference was not significant. Effects of type of region (mineral and non-mineral) and age (adult and immature ( on the accumulation of cadmium in the feather of Alectoris chukar were significant, but the effect of gender (male and female) was not significant.

References:

منابع

1-      چراغی،م.، بلمکی،ب.، لرستانی،ب.، یوسفی ،ن.، ارزیابی زیست محیطی معدن آهنگران در استان همدان، اولین همایش ملی معدن ومحیط زیست؛ بهار 1388.

2-      Baker, A. J. M., Reeves and McGrath. Insitu decontamination of heavy metal polluted soils using crops of metal accumulating plants, a feasibility study. In Situ Bioremediation, eds. R. E. Hinchere, R. F. Olfenbuttel, Butlerworth-Heinemann; 1991. Stoneham MA, Pp 539-544.

3-      Pais, I. J. and Jones J. R. B. The Handbook of Trace Elements. St. Lucie Press, Boca Raton (Fla.), ; 1997.  223 pp.

4-      Hernandez AJ and Pastor J. Relationship between plant biodiversity and heavy metal bioavailability in grasslands overlying an abandoned mine, Environmental Geochemistry and Health ;2008. 30:127-133 doi 10.1007/s10653-008-9150-4

5-      Burger Joanna. Metals in avian feathers: Bioindicators of environmental pollution. Rev. Environmental Toxicology;1993. 5: 203-311.

6-      Grandjean, P. Possible effect of lead on egg-shell thickness in Kestrels, WWGBP, Berlin; 1976. 495-500.

7-      Savinov VM, Gabrielsen GW and Savinova TN. Cadmium, zinc, copper, arsenic, selenium and mercury in seabird from the Barents Sea: levels, interspecific and geographical differences, The science of the total environment; 2003. 306: 133-158.

8-      Dmowski K. Birds as bioandicators of heavy metal pollution: review and examples concerning European species, Acta ornithology; 1999. 34(1).

9-      Gerbersmann, C, Heisterkamp, M, Adams, F, and Broekaert, J,. Tow. methods for the speciation analysis of  mercury in fish involving microwave-assisted digestion and gas chromatograohy-atomic emission spectrometry, Analytica chimica acta; 1997. 350:273-285.

10-  Furness RW, Muirhead SJ, Woodburn M. Using bird feathers to measure mercury in the environment: relationships between mercury content and moult. Mar Pollut Bull 17:27–30.; 1986. doi:10.1016/0025-326X(86)90801-5.

11-  Veerle J, Dauwe T, Rianne P, Lieven R, Ronny B, Marcel E. The importance of exogenous contamination on heavy metal levels in bird feathers. A field experiment with free-living great tits, Parus major. Journal of Environmental Monitoring.; 2004. 6:356–360. doi:10.1039/b31 4919f.

12-  Malik Naseem, R.  N. Zeb. Assessment of environmental contamination using feathers of Bubulcus ibis L., as a biomonitor of heavy metal pollution, Pakistan ,Ecotoxicology; 2009. 18:522-536.

13-  Fasola M, Movalli RA, Gandini C. Heavy metals, organocholire presticides and PCBs in eggs and feather of heron breeding in northern Italy. Arch ,Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.; 1998. 34:87-93. doi: 10.1007/s002449900289.

14-  Jager LP, Rijnierse FVJ, Esselink H, Baars AJ. Biomonitoring with the buzzard Buteo buteo in the Netherlands: heavy metals and sources of variation. Journal of Ornithology; 1996.137(3):295-318.

15-  Elliott JE, Scheuhammeri AM . Heavy metal and metallothionein concentrations in seabirds from the Pacific coast of Canada. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 1997. 34:794-801. doi:10.1016/ S0025-326X (97)00034-9.

16-  Scheuhammer AM, Norris SL. The ecotoxicology of lead shot and  lead fishing weights. Ecotoxicology; 1996; 5(5): 279-295.

17-  Spahn SA, Sherry TW. Cadmium and lead exposure associated with reduced growth rates, poorer fledging success of little blue  heron chicks (Egretta caerulea) in South LouisianaWetlands, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology; 1999. 37:377-384. doi:10.1007/s 002449900528.

18-  Furness, RW, Cadmium in birds. In: Beyer WN, Heinz GH, Redmom-Norwood AW (eds) In environmental contaminants in wildlife: interpreting tissues concentrations. Lewis Press, Boca Raton; 1996,  pp 389-404.

19-  White DH, King KA, Mithell CA, Mulhern BM. Trace elements in sediments, water and American Coots (Fulica americana) at a coalfired power plant in Texas, 1979-1982. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology; 1986. 36(3): 376- 383.

20-  کریمی، آ.، یزدان‌داد، ح.، اسماعیلی‌ساری، ع.، بررسی تجمع فلزات سنگین کادمیوم، کروم، مس، روی و آهن در برخی اندام­های باکلان بزرگ در تالاب انزلی، محیط‌شناسی،1386،  سال سی و سوم، شمارة 43، صفحه 92-83.

21-  شرکت آرمان محیط پاک، خود‌اظهاری وضعیت آلودگی­های ناشی از فعالیت­های معدنی معدن سرمک، 1389.

22-  Mansouri B, Pourkhabbaz A, Babaei H, Houshyari E. Heavy metal contamination in feathers of Western Reef Heron (Egretta gularis) and Siberian gull (Larus heuglini) from Hara biosphere reserve of Southern Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment; 2011. doi:10. 1007/s10661-011-2408-9.

23-  Roger N and John D, .Invironmental Analysis, John Wiley and Sons; 1994., N.Y. 263 P.

24-  Burger J, Gochfeld M. Metal levels in feathers of 12 species of seabirds from Midway Atoll in the northern Pacific Ocean, Science of the Total Environment; 2000.,  257:37-52. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00496-4

25-  Riffat NM,  Naila Z . Assessment of environmental contamination using feathers of Bubulcus ibis L, as a biomonitor of heavy metal pollution, Pakistan, Ecotoxicology; 2009., 18:522-536 doi 10.1007/s10646-009-0310-9

26-  Norouzi M, Mansouri B, Hamidian AH, Ebrahimi T, Kardoni F., Comparison of the Metal Concentrations in the Feathers of Three Bird Species from Southern Iran, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology; 2012. DOI 10.1007/s00128-012-0798-1.

27-  Kim, J. Park, S.K. and Koo, T. Lead and cadmium concentrations in shorebirds. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment; 2007,. 134:355-36

28-  لرستانی، ب.، بررسی میزان فلزات سنگین در خاک مناطق آلوده همدان و امکان سنجی حذف آن توسط گونه های گیاهی بومی فرا انباشت کننده، پایان نامه دکتری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم وتحقیقات تهران، 1388.

29-  گل‌محمدی، ر.، شناسایی گونه­های مقاوم و ذخیره کننده فلزات سنگین در منطقه معدن آهنگران و بررسی اثر این فلزات بر برخی مراحل رویان‌­زایی گیاهان، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه بوعلی­سینا همدان،1384.

30-  امینی، ف.، میرغفاری، ن.، عشقی ملایری، ب.، بررسی غلظت نیکل درخاک و تعدادی از گونه­های گیاهی طبیعی اطراف معدن سرب و روی آهنگران در استان همدان، علوم و تکنولوژی محیط زیست،1390،. دوره سیزدهم، شماره یک، صفحه20-11 .

31-  Ferns PN, Anderson JI. Cadmium in the diet and body tissues of Dunlins, Calidris alpina, from the Bristol Channel, UK. Environmental Pollution; 1994., 86(2): 225-231

32-  Dauwe T, Bervoets L, Janssens E, Pinxten R, Blust R, Eens M. Great and blue tit feathers as biomonitors for heavy metal pollution. Ecological Indicators; 2002., 1:227-234. doi:10.1016/S1470-160X (02)00008-0

33-  Goede AA, de Voogt P. Lead and cadmium in waders from the Dutch Wadden Sea. Environmental Pollution; 1985., 37:311-322

34-  Burger J, Veitch CR, Gochfeld M. Locational differences in metal concentrations in feathers of Australasian gannet (Morus serrator) in New Zealand. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment; 1994., 33:47–57.,  doi:10.1007/BF00548151.

35-  Tom D, Bervoets L, Blust R, Pinxten R, Eens M. Are eggshell and egg contents of great and blue tits suitable as indicators of heavy metal pollution, Belgian Journal of Zoology; 1999.,129:439-447

36-  Furness, R.W. and J.J.D. Greenwood . Birds as Monitors of Environmental Changes British Trust for Ornithology. 1 st Edn. Thetford Norfolk, UK; 1993.,  pp: 342.

37-  Furness, RW, Monaghan P. Seabird ecology. Chapman & Hall, New York; 1987.,  p 164.

38-  Barbieri, E, Alexandre Borges Garcia, C. de Andrade Passos, E. Kennedy A. S. Aragao,  J. do Patrocinio Hora Alves. Heavy metal concentration in tissues of Puffinus gravis sampled on the Brazilian coast, Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia; 2007., 15 (1) 69-72

39-  Burger Joanna. Heavy metal and selenium levels in feathers of Franklin's gulls in interior North America; 1994., Auk,. 113, 399-407.