Examining the Influence of Healing Garden on Mental Health of the Patients by Emphasizing Stress Reduction

Subject Areas : Architecture and urbanism

Seyed Abolfazl  Hashemin ¹ (Ph.D, Student of Architecture, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran. * (Corresponding Author))
Ahmad  Kazemi ² (M.Sc., Architectural Engineering, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Tehran, Iran.)
Mohamadreza  Bemanian ³ (Professor, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.)

Received: 2017-05-25 Accepted : 2017-06-03 Published : 2020-02-20

Keywords: Stress Reduction, Healing garden, Human and Nature relation, Persian garden, Mental health,

Abstract :

Context and purpose: connection with the nature is the most essential natural need of human. Researches show that nature and green space contribute to mental stress reduction and mental health improvement. Today, landscape architecture designs natural elements such that they would have positive effects on human mental condition and stress reduction. Actually, by developing ability to confronting stress, gardens improve mental views (garden) on human mental health and stress reduction and meeting the natural need of human to experience diverse natural environments of obtain peace. Research methodology: This research used information collection instruments (librarian studies, related documents) and component, principles and patterns related to the subject have been examined and analyzed.  Findings: research result show that using Persian garden model by healing function in medical centers is useful and contributing to mental health and stress reduction. Thus, the following are characteristics of a healing garden for mental health: Lack of material opaqueness in relation between human and space, possibility of selection and making equilibrium between isolation and interaction positive distractions possibility of physical action and encouraging it water and inducing peace feeling. Conclusion and discussion: there are many researches on healing garden and Therapeutic landscape and its effects on human in internal literature while this study provides and examines characteristics specific for stress reduction and mental health in these gardens.

References:

        1.        Mahmoudi, R., and   Zarofchi, S.  2016. Influence of Iranian Garden Patterns on Landscaping of Public Hospitals. Second International Conference on Civil, Environmental Architecture and Urban Management., Dubai, United Arab Emirates. (in Persian)

        2.        Rezaei, S., and  Hosseini, S.B. 2017. Healing Gardens in Medical Centers. Second International Conference on Architecture, Civilization and Urban Development at the Beginning of the Third Millennium. Tehran, Iran. (in Persian)

        3.        Tajmidi, Z,.  Hajian, A.  and Ghafourian, B. 2017.  The Healing Garden: Investigating the Therapeutic Effects of the Natural Environment on Children's Therapeutic Spaces. Fourth International Conference on Engineering and Humanities, Ukraine.

        4.        Mir Zendeh del, S.A., and  Roshan, M. 2016. An Approach to the Impact of Landscape Architecture on Patients in Hospitals. International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Urban Infrastructure, Tabriz, Iran. (in Persian)

        5.        Fooladpour, H., and  Shafiei, S. 2016. Recognizing the main features of healing gardens relying on the healing forces of nature. International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Urban Infrastructure, Tabriz, Iran. (in Persian)

        6.        Grutter, J. (Author), Pakzad, J., and Homayoun,A (Translator). 1997. Aesthetics in Architecture. Tehran: University of Tehran Publications.

        7.        Nasr, S.Hossein. (Author)., Rahmati. (Translator). 2006. Religion and the Order of Nature. Tehran: Ney Publication.

        8.        Nuremberg Schultz, C(Author)., Shirazi, M.R(Translator). 2009. The Spirit of Place: Towards Phenomenology of Architecture. Tehran: Publication Rokhdad.

        9.          Medghalchi, L., Ansari, M., Bemanian, M.  2014.  Spirit of Place in Persian Garden. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh- E Nazar, 11(28): 25-38. (in Persian)

       10.      Mirfenderesky, M. 2002. Garden in the concept of garden. Journal of Haft Shahr 3: 4-10   (in Persian)

       11.      Mirfenderesky, M. 2005. What is an Iranian Garden? Where is the Iranian Garden?. The first Iranian Garden Conference, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian)

       12.      Paten, M., 1994. An analysis of the occuptional stress of theacher of the behaviorally disorders. Journal of Behavioral Desorders 17:  191-201.

       13.      Kozma, A., Stones, S., and Stones, M.J., 2000. Stability in components and predictors of subjectivewel– being (SWB): Implications for SWB struture.Journal of Advances in Quality of life Theory and Research 11:21-34

       14.      Khalil, D., Dari, P., and Hatami, M. 2010. Design and creation of healing gardens using native Iranian medicinal plants. The first Iranian National Botanical Garden Conference, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian)

       15.      Williams, A., 1999. Therapeutic Landscapes: TheDynamic Between Place and Wellness. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.

       16.      Velarde, M., Fry, G. & Tveit, M., 2007. Health effects of viewing landscapes – Landscape types in environmental psychology . journal of Urban Forestry & Urban greening 6: 199-212.

       17.      Laws, J., 2009. Reworking therapeutic landscapes: The spatiality of an alternative self-help gurop. Journal of Social Science & Medicine: 1827-1833.

       18.      Nikbakht, A. 2005. Medicine in Landscape Architecture: Healing Gardens. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh- E Nazar  1(2): 79-82. (in Persian)

       19.      Naderi, J. and Raman, B., (2005). Capturing impressions of pedestrian landscapes used for healing purposes with decision tree learning]. journal of Landscape and Urban Planning. 73: 155-166.

       20.      Neynavai, ZH (2005). Treating depression and psychological weaknesses. Third edition, Tehran: Speech publication.

       21.       nili, R., nili, R., and Soltanzadeh, H. 2013. Studying the Application of Healing Landscapes in Persian Gardens. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh- E Nazar 9(23): 65-74 (in Persian)

       22.      Nili,R Nili, R., and  Aminzadeh, B. 2014. The Healing Potential of Garden Landscapes at Qajar Era’s. journal of Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development  6(11): 167-180. (in Persian)

       23.      Mardomi, K., Mirhashemin, S., and Hasanpour, K.2015. Persian Garden as Healing Garden An Approach with Islamic Influences. Journal of Iran University of Science & Technology 2 (4) :49-63. (in Persian)

       24.      Abdollahi, R., Aminzadeh, B., Shahcheragh, A., et al. 2015. Developing the components of the healing garden design in Iran and application in the designe of urban open space.  Journal of Urban Management  39: 317- 345. (in Persian)

       25.      Saeidian, N.,  Memarzia, K.,  Kazem, S. M H.  et al . 2016. Comparative Study of Persian Garden Land-scape Pattern Versus Four Kinds of Therapeutic Gardens. Journal of Urban Landscape Research.2(4): 81-92. (in Persian)

       26.      Kaplan, S., 1992. The restorative environment : nature and human  experience , Role of Horticulture in Human Well-being and Social  Development. A National Symposium .Timber Press, Portland, OR, USA.

       27.      Kaplan, S.Berman , M . G., 2010. Directed attention as a common  resource for executive function in gandself-regulation .Perspect. Psychol 5: 43–57.

       28.      Ulrich, R. S.,1999. Effects of gardens on health outcomes : theory and  research. In: Marcus ,C.C .Barnes , M. (Eds.) , Healing Gardens: Therapeutic Benefits and Design Recommendations. Wiley In: Marcus ,C.C. Barnes,M. (Eds.), Healing Gardens:  Therapeutic Benefits and Design Recommendations.Wiley.

       29.      Szczygiel,B, Hewitt, R ., 2000. Nineteenth-century medical landscape. John H. Rauch, Fredrick Law Olmsted, and the search for salubrity. Bull Hist 74: 708-734.

       30.      Shahcheraghi, A., 2012. Analysis of Environmental Perception Process of Iranian Garden Based on Theory  Ecological Psychology. Journal of  Hoviatshahr3(5): 71-85.(in Persian)

       31.      Motloch, J.L. (1990). Introduction to Landscape Design.Tehran:Deputy of Education and Research of Tehran parks and Green Space Organization.

       32.      Naima, Gholam Reza. (2011). Iranian Gardens. tehran: payam

       33.      Bemanian, M.,  taghvai, A.,  Sharif -Shahidi, M.,  2009. An Investigation of Cultural-Environmental Foundations in the Physical Elements of Iranian Gardens.  Journal of Environmental Science and Technology; 10(1): 103-112. (in Persian)