Screening and Identification of Donkey Milk Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
Subject Areas : MicrobiologyM. J. Akrami 1 , F. Nazarian Firouzabadi 2 , A. Ismaeili 3 , M. Bagheri sheshdeh 4
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران
4 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران
Keywords: اسید لاکتیک, پروبیوتیک, شیر الاغ, طیف سنجی, میکروب,
Abstract :
Introduction: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a heterogeneous group of gram-positive and catalase negative bacteria that produce lactic acid during fermentation of carbohydrates. These probiotic bacteria with the ability to produce industrial valuable biopolymers have a significant impact on the improvement of taste and texture of dairy products. A number of methods have been introduced to screen and identify bacteria. Among different methods, some are less reliable and some are expensive. Introduction of a reliable, cost-effective and time-saving method to identify bacteria is of great importance. Materials and Methods: In order to identify milk probiotic LAB, donkey's milk microbiota was investigated. LAB was identified and characterized with basic microbiological methods as well as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Principle Component Analysis and cluster analysis were used to validate the FTIR data. Results: The results of this experiment showed that LAB isolates were mostly belonging to either Enterococcus faecalis or Streptococcus devriesei species. Furthermore, PCA and cluster analysis confirmed that FTIR data are reliable to identify LAB genera and species from milk. Conclusion: It is recommended to use FTIR method for mass screening of LAB from different sources before applying other complex and expensive methods such as DNA sequencing. The FTIR is a cost-effective and quick method that could distinguish bacteria at the genus and even species level. Two bacteria species were found and confirmed by both culture-dependent and FTIR methods and one of which Streptococcus devriesei is being introduced for the first time in Iran.
Akabanda, F., Owusu-Kwarteng, J., Glover, R. & Tano-Debrah, K. (2010). Microbiological characteristics of Ghanaian traditional fermented milk product, Nunu. Nature and Science,8, 178-187.
AL-Qadiri, H. M., Al-alami, N. I., Lin, M., Al-holy, M., Cavinato, A. G. & Rasco, B. A. (2008). Studying of the bacterial growth phases using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Journal of Rapid Methods & Automation in Microbiology, 16, 73-89.
Amiali, N., Mulvey, M., Berger-Bächi, B., Sedman, J., Simor, A. & Ismail, A. (2008a). Evaluation of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the rapid identification of glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 61, 95-102.
Amiali, N. M., Mulvey, M. R., Berger-Bächi, B., Sedman, J., Simor, A. E. & Ismail,
A. A. (2008b). Evaluation of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the rapid identification of glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 61, 95-102.
Becker, K., Al Laham, N., Fegeler, W., Proctor, R. A., Peters, G. & von Eiff, C. (2006). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis is a powerful tool for studying the dynamic changes in Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants. Journal of clinical microbiology, 44, 3274-3278.
Brain, C. & Smith, B. (1996) Fundamentals of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in, Boca Raton: CRC Press,
Burgula, Y., Khali, D., Kim, S., Krishnan, S., Cousin, M., Gore, J., Reuhs, B. & Mauer, L. (2006). Detection of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella typhimurium using filtration followed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Food Protection, 69, 1777-1784.
Carminati, D., Tidona, F., Fornasari, M., Rossetti, L., Meucci, A. & Giraffa, G. (2014). Biotyping of cultivable lactic acid bacteria isolated from donkey milk. Letters in applied microbiology, 59, 299-305.
Collins, M. D., Lundstrm, T. r., Welinder-Olsson, C., Hansson, I., Wattle, O., Hudson, R. A. & Falsen, E. (2004). Streptococcus devriesei sp. nov., from Equine Teeth. Systematic and applied microbiology, 27, 146-150.
Davis, R. & Mauer, L. (2010). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy: a rapid tool for detection and analysis of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Current research, technology and education topics in applied microbiology and microbial biotechnology, 2, 1582-1594.
Dziuba, B. o., Babuchowski, A., Nał ęcz, D. & Niklewicz, M. (2007). Identification of lactic acid bacteria using FTIR spectroscopy and cluster analysis. International dairy journal, 17, 183-189.
Filip, Z., Herrmann, S. & Kubat, J. (2004). FT-IR spectroscopic characteristics of differently cultivated Bacillus subtilis. Microbiological research, 159, 257-262.
Fujisawa, T. & Mitsuoka, T. (1996). Homofermentative Lactobacillus species predominantly isolated from canine feces. Journal of veterinary medical science, 58, 591-593.
Kelly, W. J., Davey, G. P. & Ward, L. J. (1998). Characterization of lactococci isolated from minimally processed fresh fruit and vegetables. International journal of food microbiology, 45, 85-92.
Kirschner, C., Maquelin, K., Pina, P., Thi, N. N., Choo-Smith, L. P., Sockalingum, G., Sandt, C., Ami, D., Orsini, F. & Doglia, S. (2001). Classification and identification of enterococci: a comparative phenotypic, genotypic, and vibrational spectroscopic study. Journal of clinical microbiology, 39, 1763-1770.
Kuhm, A. E., Suter, D., Felleisen, R. & Rau, J. (2009). Application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) for the identification of Yersinia enterocolitica on species and subspecies level. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
Lamprell, H., Mazerolles, G., Kodjo, A., Chamba, J., Noel, Y. & Beuvier, E. (2006). Discrimination of Staphylococcus aureus strains from different species of Staphylococcus using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. International journal of food microbiology, 108, 125-129.
Levine, S., Stevenson, H. J., Chambers, L. A. & Kenner, B. A. (1953). Infrared spectrophotometry of enteric bacteria. Journal of bacteriology, 65, 10.
Lin, M., Al-Holy, M., Al-Qadiri, H., Kang, D. -H., Cavinato, A. G., Huang, Y. & Rasco, B. A. (2004). Discrimination of intact and injured Listeria monocytogenes by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 52, 5769-5772.
Lin, M., M., A. H., Al-Qadiri, H., Chang, S., Kang, D. H., Rodgers, B. D. & Rasco, B. A. (2007). Phylogenetic and spectroscopic analysis of Alicyclobacillus isolates by 16S rDNA sequencing and mid-infrared spectroscopy. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety, 1, 11-17.
Madigan, M. T., Martinko, J. M. & Parker, J. (2004) Brock biología de los microorganismos in 10th ed; Pearson Educacion: S. A., Madrid, Espana.
Manero, A. & Blanch, A. R. (1999) Identification of Enterococcus spp. with a biochemical key. Applied and environmental microbiology 65(10), 4425-4430.
Maquelin, K., Kirschner, C., Choo-Smith, L. P., Van den Braak, N., Endtz, H. P., Naumann, D. & Puppels, G. (2002). Identification of medically relevant microorganisms by vibrational spectroscopy. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 51, 255-271.
Morelli, L. (2001). Taxonomy and physiology of lactic acid bacteria, effects and function on nutrition. Report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation on evaluation on health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with lactic acid bacteria[Online] Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, New York, NY ftp://ftp fao org/es/esn/food/Morelli pdf.
Naumann, D. (2000). Infrared spectroscopy in microbiology. Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry.
Naumann, D., Helm, D. & Labischinski, H. (1991). Microbiological characterizations by FT-IR spectroscopy. Nature, 351, 81-82.
Naumann, D., Keller, S., Helm, D., Schultz, C. & Schrader, B. (1995). FT-IR spectroscopy and FT-Raman spectroscopy are powerful analytical tools for the non-invasive characterization of intact microbial cells. Journal of Molecular structure, 347, 399-405.
Nazzaro, F., Anastasio, M., Fratianni, F. & Orlando, P. (2008). Isolation and identification of probiotic lactic acid bacteria from raw donkey milk. Intern J Prob Preb, 3, 374.
Oberreuter, H. (2001) FT-IR spectroscopic identification and infraspecific diversity of coryneform bacteria in relation to 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Thesis. Technische Universitat Munchen.
Oust, A., Møretrø, T., Kirschner, C., Narvhus, J. A. & Kohler, A. (2004). FT-IR spectroscopy for identification of closely related lactobacilli. Journal of microbiological methods, 59, 149-162.
Person, K. (1901) On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space. Philosophical magazine, 2, 559-572.
Rebuffo, C. A., Schmitt, J., Wenning, M., von Stetten, F. & Scherer, S. (2006). Reliable and rapid identification of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria species by artificial neural network-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Applied and environmental microbiology, 72, 994-1000.
Reid, G. (1999). The scientific basis for probiotic strains of Lactobacillus. Applied and environmental microbiology, 65, 3763-3766.
Riddle, J. W., Kabler, P. W., Kenner, B. A., Bordner, R. H., Rockwood, S. W. & Stevenson, H. J. (1956). Bacterial identification by infrared spectrophotometry. Journal of bacteriology, 72, 593.
Salminen, S. & Von Wright, A. (2004) Lactic acid bacteria: microbiological and functional aspects. CRC Press.
Schmitt, J., Beekes, M., Brauer, A., Udelhoven, T., Lasch, P. & Naumann, D. (2002). Identification of scrapie infection from blood serum by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Analytical chemistry, 74, 3865-3868.
Tannock, G. (2004). A special fondness for lactobacilli. Applied and environmental microbiology, 70, 3189-3194.
Tidona, F., Sekse, C., Criscione, A., Jacobsen, M., Bordonaro, S., Marletta, D. & Vegarud, G. E. (2011). Antimicrobial effect of donkey milk digested in vitro with human gastrointestinal enzymes. International dairy journal, 21, 158-165.
Tittsler, R. P. & Sandholzer, L. A. (1936). The use of semi-solid agar for the detection of bacterial motility. Journal of Bacteriology, 31, 575.
Torres-Llanez, M., Vallejo-Cordoba, B., Díaz-Cinco, M., Mazorra-Manzano, M. & González-Córdova, A. (2006). Characterization of the natural microflora of artisanal Mexican Fresco cheese. Food control, 17, 683-690.
Ward, J. H. (1963) Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. Journal of the American statistical association, 58, 236-244.
Zhao, H., Parry, R. L., Ellis, D. I., Griffith, G. W. & Goodacre, R. (2006). The rapid differentiation of Streptomyces isolates using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Vibrational spectroscopy, 40, 213-218.
