Measuring and evaluating the dimensions of urban vitality in District 10 of Mashhad metropolis
Subject Areas : The geography of inequalitymajid akbari 1 , zahra montazeri 2 , مرضیه طالشی انبوهی 3
1 - دانشگاه پیام نور
2 - mscPhD student, Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Isfahan University of Art, Isfahan, Iran
3 - کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری دانشگاه گیلان
Keywords: Vitality, livability, urban spaces, district 10 of Mashhad metropolis,
Abstract :
Statement of the problem: Vitality is one of the most important constructive qualities of urban spaces for improving the quality of urban spaces and creating a place, and the decline of life and vitality in urban areas can be seen as one of the results of following the modernist point of view, which is always in favor of quantity. It has been biased and has ignored qualitative issues. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the level of vitality in the three areas of District 10 of Mashhad. The current research is applied in terms of targeting and its method is descriptive-analytical, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical population of the research was the residents of the 10th district of Mashhad and the random sampling method was simple. To analyze the information obtained from sample t-tech tests, one-way variance test and Friedman test were used in Spss software. The vitality of city spaces also includes concepts such as justice, efficiency, adaptability, flexibility, environmental quality, which will eventually lead to livability if the vitality of the city is sustainable. The results of the research showed that physical dimensions with an average of 3.3527, social with an average of 3.3350, infrastructure with an average of 3.3112, and economic with an average of 3.1111 are respectively the highest and lowest in the 10th region of Mashhad metropolis. They are worth it. The averages of economic, social, infrastructure and physical dimensions in the three municipal districts of Region 10 are not equal and have a significant difference, so that in terms of physical, economic and social dimensions, first District 1 then District 2 has a higher average difference than District 3. have. But in terms of infrastructure, District 2 is far better than other districts. So that the physical dimension of area 2 is about 0.13 more than area 1 and about 0.7 more than area 3. In general, the vitality of zone 10 is medium to high.
منابع
اخوان، آرمین، صالحی، اسماعیل و طغیانی، شیرین (1397). ارزیابی تأثیر عوامل محیطی - کالبدی بر سرزندگی و کیفیّت خیابانهای شهری(مطالعه موردی: خیابانهای نادر و انقلاب شهر ساری). فصلنامه جغرافیا و پادیاری محیط. 8(2)، 29-15.
پامیر، سای (1389). آفرینش مرکز شهری سرزنده. ترجمه: بهزادفر، مصطفی و شکیبامنش، امیر. تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه علم و صنعت.
پوراحمد، احمد، زنگنه شهرکی، سعید و صفایی رینه، مصطفی (1395). تحلیل نقش پیادهراههای شهری در ارتقای سرزندگی فضاهای شهری (مطالعۀ موردی: پیادهراه 17 شهریور، تهران). پژوهش¬های جغرافیای برنامه¬ریزی شهری. 4(2)، 195-175.
پوراحمد، احمد، زنگنه شهرکی، سعید، و صفایی رینه، مصطفی (1398). تحلیل فضایی سرزندگی در فضاهای شهری مطالعه موردی پیادهراه 17 شهریور تهران. فصلنامه شهر پایدار. 2(2)، 195-175.
پورمحمدی، محمدرضا، روستایی، شهریور، و اسدی، احمد (1398). بررسی سرزندگی و رابطه آن با انتخاب نواحی مسکونی (مطالعه موردی؛ بافت فرسوده مرکزی شهر زنجان). نشریه جغرافیا و برنامه¬ریزی. 23(67)، 65-45.
جیکوبز، جین (1388). مرگ وزندگی شهرهای بزرگ آمریکایی. ترجمه: پارسی، حمیدرضا و افلاطونی، آرزوِ، تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
حبیبی، کیومرث، نسترن، مهین و محمدی، مهرداد (1395). سنجش و ارزیابی سرزندگی فضاهای عمومی شهری و نقش آن در ارتقای کیفیت زندگی جوانان موردشناسی: خیابان نظر شرقی شهر اصفهان. فصلنامه جغرافیا و آمایش شهری. 6(19)، 180-161.
خستو، مریم، و سعیدی رضوانی، نوید (1389). عوامل مؤثر بر سرزندگی فضای شهری. نشریه هویت شهر. سال چهارم، شماره 6، 74-63.
ذاکر حقیقی، کیانوش (1397). سنجش میزان سرزندگی در چهارراه ولیعصر شهر تهران بر مبنای تحلیل الگوهای فعالیتی موجود در آن. باغ نظر. 16(71)، 5-18.
زیاری، کرامت¬الله، ضرغام فرد، مسلم، و خادمی، امیرحسین (1394). برنامه¬ریزی شهری: با رویکرد بیوفیلیک (شهر طبیعتمحور). تهران: انتشارات آراد.
ستاری فرد، شهرام (1394). بررسی نقش مراکز مذهبی در افزایش سرزندگی شهرهای معاصر؛ مطالعه موردی: محدوده امامزاده صالح تجریش، تهران. مدیریت شهری. شماره 40، 158-141.
شمس¬الدینی، علی، و نصیبی،ساسان (1397).، نقش و جایگاه چیدمان مبلمان شهری در شادابی و سرزندگی فضاهای شهری (مطالعه موردی: مناطق 11 گانه شهرداری شیراز). فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه¬ریزی شهری. سال 10، شماره پیاپی 37، 96-83.
شیخی، حجت، رضایی، و محمدرضا (1396). ارزيابي كيفيت محيطي فضاهاي شهري پياده مدار و پاسخدهي اجتماعي (نمونه موردی: خیابان فردوسی شهر ایلام). نشریه پژوهش و برنامه¬ریزی شهری. 8(29)، 98-83.
صداقتی، عاطفه، و فارسی، جواد (1395). طيف¬سنجي سرزندگي در بافت¬ها و محلات شهري با تلفيق رويكردهاي توسعه¬ي پايدار، رشد هوشمند و نوشهرگرايي و كاربرد مدل الكتر (نمونه¬ی موردی: محلات شهر مرودشت). جغرافیا و توسعه. شماره 44، 254-229.
ضرابی، اصغر، علی¬زاده، جابر، رنجبرنیا، بهزاد، کاملی¬فر، محمدجواد، و احمدیان، مهدی (1394). ارزیابی سطح رضایت شهروندان از کیفیت محیط شهری (نمونه موردی: مناطق شهری ده گانه کلانشهر تبریز). نشریه جغرافیا و برنامه¬ریزی. 19(15)، 219-193.
فرازمند، راحله، و صحی¬زاده، مهشید (1392). بررسی و تحلیل مؤلفههای تأثیرگذار بر سرزندگی از دیدگاه تعاملات اجتماعی در ارزیابی عملکرد فضاهای عمومی شهری(نمونه مطالعاتی: محدوده¬ی پارکینگ شهرداری کرمانشاه). پژوهش¬های شهری هفت حصار. 6(2)، 42-29.
قربان¬پور، مریم، زالی، نادر، یوردخانی، مختار، و آزاده، سیدرضا (1397). ارزیابی مؤلفه¬های مؤثر بر تقویت سرزندگی در مسیرهای پیاده شهری در پیاده¬روی علم الهدی شهر رشت. مطالعات برنامه¬ریزی سکونتگاه¬های انسانی. 13(1)، 123-105.
گلکار، کوروش (1386). مفهوم کیفیت سرزندگی در طراحی شهری. نشریه صفه. شماره 16 (44)، 75-66.
لینچ کوین (1389). سیمای شهر. ترجمه: منوچهر مزینی، تهران :انتشارات و چاپ دانشگاه تهران.
مرتاض مهربانی، الناز، منصوری، سید امیر، و جوادی، شهره (1396). رویکرد منظر در ایجاد سرزندگی خیابان ولی¬عصر با تأکید بر ایجاد حس مکان (نمونه موردی: خیابان ولیعصر (حدفاصل میدان ونک و پارکوی). باغ نظر. سال 14، شماره 55، 6 16-5.
مرکز آمار ایران (1395). سرشماری نفوس و مسکن سال 1395.
References
Akhan, A., Salehi, E., & Taghiani, S. (2017). Evaluating the impact of physical-environmental factors on the vitality and quality of city streets (case study: Nader streets and revolution in Sari city). Quarterly Journal of Geography and Environmental Protection. 8(2), 15-29. (in Persian)
Appleyard, D. (1981). Livable streets, Berkeley. CA, University of California press.
Calthorpe, P. (1993) .The next American metropolis: Ecology, community, and the American dream. Princeton Architectural Press.
Carmona Group (2003). Public Places urban spaces. Architectural press, New York, Paris.
Chapman, D. (1996). Creating neighborhoods and places in the built environment. Taylor & Francis (April 15, 1996)
Chion, M. (2009). Producing urban vitality: The case of dance in San Francisco. Urban Geography, 30(4), 416–439.
Eisazadeh, N. Vahdani, H. (2017). The Role of Urban Spaces and Structures in Increasing the Social Vitality of Citizens with an Emphasis on Urban Design Approaches. Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health,Vol 17(3&4), DOI : 10.18311/jeoh/2017/18296, July-December 2017, 77-86,
Farazmand, R., & Sahizadeh, M. (2012). Investigating and analyzing the factors affecting vitality from the perspective of social interactions in evaluating the performance of urban public spaces (case study: Kermanshah Municipality parking area). Urban researches of Haft Hesar. 6(2), 29-42. (in Persian)
Gehl, J. (1987). Life Between Buildings: Using Public Space. translated by Jo Koch, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for People. Island Press. First edition (September, 2010).
Golkar, K. (2007). The concept of quality of life in urban design. Safa magazine. No. 16 (44), 75-66. (in Persian)
Gurbanpour, M., Zali, N., Yordkhani, Mukhtar, and Azadeh, S. R. (2017). Evaluation of the effective components on enhancing the vitality in the urban pedestrian paths in Alam Al-Hadi walk in Rasht city. Planning studies of human settlements. 13(1), 105-123. (in Persian)
Habibi, K., Nastern, M. & Mohammadi, M.d (2015). Measuring and evaluating the vitality of urban public spaces and its role in improving the quality of life of young people. Quarterly Journal of Geography and Urban Planning. 6(19), 161-180. (in Persian)
He, Q., He, W., Song, Y., Wu, J., Yin, C., & Mou, Y. (2018). The impact of urban growth patterns on urban vitality in newly built-up areas based on an association rules analysis using geographical “big data.” Land Use Policy, 78, 726 738.
https://sia.mashhad.ir/portal_content/5507798
Iran Statistics Center (2015). Population and housing census of 2015. (in Persian)
Jacobs, J. (1961).The death and life of great American cities. New York: Vintage
Jacobs, J. (1961).The life and death of great American cities. New York, NY: Random House
Jacobs, J. (1993).The Death and Life of Great American Cities. The Modern Library, New York.
Jacobs, Ja. (2008). Death and life of big American cities. Translation: Parsi, Hamidreza and Aflatouni, Arzoo, Tehran: Tehran University Press. (in Persian)
Jalaladdini, S. Oktay, D. (2011). Urban Public Spaces and Vitality: A Socio-Spatial Analysis in theStreets of Cypriot Towns. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 35 (2012). 664 – 674
Jenks, M. & Dempsey, N. (2005(. Future Forms of Design for Sustainable Cities. Oxford, Architectural Press.
Jin, X., Long, Y., Sun, W., Lu, Y., Yang, W., Tang, J. (2017). Evaluating cities' vitality and identifying ghost cities in China with emerging geographical data. Cities. Vol: 63, 98–109.
Khosto, Maryam, and Saeedi Rizvani, Navid (2009). Factors affecting the vitality of the urban space. Hoyt Shahr magazine. 4(6), 63-74. (in Persian)
Kim, Y.-L. (2018). Seoul’s Wi-Fi hotspots: Wi-Fi access points as an indicator of urban vitality. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems.
Krier, R. (1993). Urban Space. Publisher: Rizzoli.
Landry, C., (2000). Urban vitality: a new source of Urban competitiveness. Prince Claus Fund J ARCHIS issue’ Urban Vitality / Urban Heroes’ December 2000.
Landry, Ch. (2000). Urban Vitality: A New Source of Urban Competitiveness. Prince Claus Fund Journal, ARCHIS issue 'Urban Vitality / Urban Heroes'.
Lavrusheva, O. (2020). The concept of vitality. Review of the vitality-related research domain. New Ideas in Psychology, 56, 100752.
Long, Y., & Huang, C. C. (2017). Does block size matter? The impact of urban design on economic vitality for Chinese cities. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 46(3), 406–422.
Lopes N. M., and S. Camanho, A. (2012). Public Green Space Use and Consequences on Urban Vitality: An Assessment of European Cities. Social Indicator Research, 1-17.
Lynch, Q. (2009). The face of the city. Translation: Manouchehr Mozini, Tehran: University of Tehran Publications and Press. (in Persian)
Montgomery, Ch. (2013). Happy City: Transforming Our Lives through Urban Design. Farrar, Straus and Giroux press.
Montgomery, J. (1995). Editorial: Urban vitality and the culture of cities. Planning Practice and Research, 10(2), 101–110.
Montgomery, J. (1995). Urban vitality and the culture of cities. Planning Practice and Research, 10(2), 101–110.
Mortaz Mehrabani, E., Mansouri, S. A., & Javadi, S. (2016). The landscape approach in creating the vitality of Vali-Asr Street with emphasis on creating a sense of place (case example: Vali-Asr Street (between Vanak Square and Parkway). Nazar Bagh. 14(55), 5-6. (in Persian)
Pamir, S. (2010). Creation of a lively urban center. Translation: Behzadfar, Mustafa and Shakibamanesh, Amir. Tehran: University of Science and Technology Publications. (in Persian)
Paumier, C. (2007). Creating a Vibrant City Center. (ULI) Urban Land Institute, Washington, D.C.
Pourahmad, A., Zanganeh Shahraki, S., & Safai Reine, M. (2015). Analysis of the role of urban sidewalks in improving the vitality of urban spaces (case study: Shahrivar 17 sidewalk, Tehran). Urban planning geography researches. Volume 4, Number 2, 175-195. (in Persian)
Pourahmad, A., Zanganeh Shahraki, S., & Safai Reine, M. (2018). Spatial analysis of vitality in urban spaces, a case study of Tehran's 17 Shahrivar Pedestrian Street. Stable City Quarterly. 2(2), 175-195. (in Persian)
Pourmohammadi, M., Rausti, S., & Asadi, A. (2018). Investigating the vitality and its relationship with the selection of residential areas (case study; worn-out fabric in the center of Zanjan city). Journal of geography and planning. 23(67), 45-65. (in Persian)
Salingaros, N. (2005). Principle of urban structure. Amsterdam: techne press.
Salzano, T. (2007). Seven Aims for the Livable City from Making Cities Livable Goals, http://www. Livable Cities.
Satari Fard, S. (2014). Examining the role of religious centers in increasing the vitality of contemporary cities; Case study: Imamzadeh Saleh area of Tajrish, Tehran. Urban Management. No. 40, 158-141. (in Persian)
Sedaghati, A., & Farsi, J. (2015). Spectroscopy of vitality in urban contexts and localities by combining the approaches of sustainable development, smart growth and neo-urbanism and the application of the Electr model (case example: Marodasht city neighborhoods). Geography and development. No. 44, 254-229. (in Persian)
Selezneva, E. (2011). Urban vitality: Exploring the centrality of conditions. Delft University of Technology, department of Urbanism, 2010-2011.
Shams-al-Dini, A., & Nasibi, S. (2017)., The role and place of urban furniture arrangement in the freshness and vitality of urban spaces (case study: 11 districts of Shiraz Municipality). Quarterly journal of research and urban planning. 10. 37, 83-96. (in Persian)
Sheikhi, H., & Rezaei,M. R. (2016). Evaluation of the environmental quality of pedestrian-oriented urban spaces and social responsiveness (case example: Ferdowsi St., Ilam). Research and urban planning journal. 8(29), 83-98. (in Persian)
Sitte, C. (1945). The Art of Building Cities. Translatedby Charles T. Stewart, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Speck, J. (2013). Walkable City: How Downtown Can Save America, One Step at a Time. North Point Press; Reprint edition.
Sunga, H., and Leeb, S. (2015). Residential built environment and walking activity: Empirical evidence of Jane Jacobs’ urban vitality. Transportation Research Part D. 41 (2015) 318–329.
Wilson, E.O. (1984). Biophilia. Cambridge, Massachusetts.Harvard University Press.
Xia, C., Yeh, A. G.-O., & Zhang, A. (2020). Analyzing spatial relationships between urban land use intensity and urban vitality at street block level: A case study of five Chinese megacities. Landscape and Urban Planning, 193, 103669.
Yarahmadi, N and Tirandaz, M.Z. (2013). Standards to achieve sustainable vitality in urban areas (Case Study: Comparison of two parks in the city of Abadan). Architecture and Sustainable Urban Spaces Conference Mashhad, Iran, December 2013.
Ye, Y., Li, D., & Liu, X. (2018). How block density and typology affect urban vitality: An exploratory analysis in Shenzhen, China. Urban Geography, 39(4), 631–652.
Zakir Haghighi, K. (2017). Measuring the level of vitality in the Valiasr intersection of Tehran city based on the analysis of activity patterns in it. Bagh Nazar Volume 16, Number 71, 18-5. (in Persian)
Zarrabi, A., Alizadeh, J., Ranjbarnia, B., K., Mohammad Javad, & Ahmadian, M. (2014). Evaluation of citizens' level of satisfaction with the quality of the urban environment (case example: ten urban areas of Tabriz metropolis). Journal of geography and planning. 19(51), 219-193. (in Persian)
Zhou, J. (2012), Urban Vitality in Dutch and Chinese New Towns: A comparative study between Almere and Tongzhou. TU Delft, Faculty of Architecture, Urbanism department.
Ziari, K., Zargham Fard, M., & Khademi, A. H. (2014). Urban planning: with a biophilic approach (nature-oriented city). Tehran: Arad Publications. (in Persian)