Investigating the Impact of Extrinsic Motivation on Athlete Burnout with the Moderating Role of Coaching Style: A Study among Jiu-Jitsu Athletes in Iran
Subject Areas :
omid karimipour
1
,
وحید رفیعی
2
,
mahsa izadjou
3
1 -
2 - 2- گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران
3 - M.A in General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.
Keywords: Extrinsic Motivation, Athletic Burnout, Coaching Style, Jiu-Jitsu,
Abstract :
Abstract
Introduction: Athlete burnout is one of the critical challenges affecting sports performance, often influenced by psychological factors such as extrinsic motivation, including external pressures or financial rewards. The present study aimed to examine the effect of extrinsic motivation on sports burnout and to investigate the moderating role of coaching styles in this relationship.
research methodology: This study employed a descriptive-correlational design using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. The research sample consisted of 300 male and female jiu-jitsu athletes from Iran, selected through a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using standard questionnaires, including the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), and the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and SmartPLS software.
Findings: Results revealed that extrinsic motivation has a significant positive relationship with sports burnout. Supportive coaching style was associated with lower burnout, whereas authoritarian coaching style increased burnout levels. The moderating role of coaching style in the relationship between extrinsic motivation and sports burnout was confirmed, indicating that the type of coaching can either weaken or strengthen this association.
Conclusion: : Athletes who engage in sports primarily due to extrinsic factors are more vulnerable to fatigue, lack of motivation, and decreased satisfaction. However, a supportive coaching style can act as a protective factor against the negative impact of extrinsic motivation, while an authoritarian style may intensify it. Therefore, educating coaches to adopt effective and supportive leadership approaches is essential for enhancing athletes’ psychological well-being and performance.
رضایی، م.، عباسی، ف.، و قائمی، ع. (1399). بررسی رابطه سبکهای مربیگری با فرسودگی ورزشی در نوجوانان ورزشکار. فصلنامه روانشناسی ورزشی، 9(1)، 33–48.
Appleton, P. R., & Duda, J. L. (2016). Examining the interactive effect of coach-created mastery and performance climates on moral functioning, sport anxiety, and athlete burnout. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 38(2), 107-119.
Barcza-Renner, K., Eklund, R. C., Morin, A. J., & Habeeb, C. M. (2016). Controlling coaching behaviour and athlete burnout: Examining the mediating role of psychological need thwarting. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 47(3), 206-226.
Carmargo, J. P., & Praxedes, J. (2020). A prática do Brazilian Jiu Jitsu e o desenvolvimento das funções executivas: uma revisão sistemática da literatura. RENEF, 10(15), 3-14.
Chelladurai, P., & Saleh, S. D. (1980). Dimensions of leader behavior in sports: Development of a leadership scale. Journal of Sport Psychology, 2(1), 34–45.
Cresswell, S. L., & Eklund, R. C. (2005). Motivation and burnout in professional rugby players. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 76(3), 370-376.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. Boston: Pearson.
Gerber, M., Gustafsson, H., Seelig, H., Andersson, G., & Brand, S. (2018). Trajectories of athlete burnout in competitive swimmers during adolescence. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 40(1), 2-14.
González-García, H., Martinent, G., & Pelegrín, A. (2020). Sport emotions profiles: Relationships with burnout and coping skills among competitive athletes. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 15(1), 9-16.
Gustafsson, H., Kenttä, G., & Hassmén, P. (2011). Athlete burnout: An integrated model and future research directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4(1), 3-24.
Gustafsson, H., Kenttä, G., Hassmén, P., & Lundqvist, C. (2011). Prevalence of burnout in adolescent competitive athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 25(4), 512–526.
Isoard-Gautheur, S., Guillet-Descas, E., & Gustafsson, H. (2016). Athlete burnout and the risk of dropout among young elite handball players. The Sport Psychologist, 30(2), 123–130.
Isoard-Gautheur, S., Guillet–Descas, E., & Lemyre, P. N. (2013). A prospective study of the influence of perceived coaching style on burnout propensity in high level young athletes: Using a self-determination theory perspective. The Sport Psychologist, 27(4), 316-328.
Jowett, S., & Shanmugam, V. (2016). Relational coaching in sport: It's psychological underpinnings and practical effectiveness. In R. Schinke, K. R. McGannon, & B. Smith (Eds.), Routledge International Handbook of Sport Psychology (pp. 471-483). Routledge.
Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Publications.
Lonsdale, C., Hodge, K., & Rose, E. A. (2009). Athlete burnout in elite sport: A self-determination perspective. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(8), 785–795.
Lonsdale, C., Hodge, K., & Rose, E. A. (2009). Athlete burnout in elite sport: A self-determination perspective. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(8), 785-795.
Mageau, G. A., & Vallerand, R. J. (2003). The coach–athlete relationship: A motivational model. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(11), 883–904.
Markati, A., Psychountaki, M., Kingston, K., Karteroliotis, K., & Apostolidis, N. (2019). Psychological and situational determinants of burnout in adolescent athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(5), 521-536.
Morano, M., Bortoli, L., Ruiz, M. C., & Robazza, C. (2020). Psychobiosocial states as mediators of the effects of basic psychological need satisfaction on burnout symptoms in youth sport. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4447.
Ntoumanis, N., Gucciardi, D. F., & Duda, J. L. (2017). Motivational processes in self-determination theory and lifespan development. In R. J. Coplan & J. C. Bowker (Eds.), The Handbook of Solitude: Psychological Perspectives on Social Isolation, Social Withdrawal, and Being Alone (pp. 151-167). Wiley.
Øvretveit, K., Sæther, S. A., & Mehus, I. (2018). Achievement goal profiles, and perceptions of motivational climate and physical ability in male Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners.
Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Tuson, K. M., Brière, N. M., & Blais, M. R. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 35–53.
Raedeke, T. D., & Smith, A. L. (2001). Development and preliminary validation of an athlete burnout measure. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 23(4), 281–306.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Press.
Sorkkila, M., Aunola, K., Salmela‐Aro, K., Tolvanen, A., & Ryba, T. V. (2018). The co‐developmental dynamic of sport and school burnout among student‐athletes: The role of achievement goals. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 28(6), 1731-1742.
Trøje, V., & Gustafsson, H. (2023). Coach autonomy support and athlete burnout: Mediation by basic psychological need satisfaction and thwarting. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 35(1), 64–78.
