Physiological Response of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Nano-Fertilizers under Drought Stress
Subject Areas : TensionFarhan Bashar Taghi al-Salami 1 , Nosrat Abbasi 2 , ali hatami 3 , fereshteh darabi 4 , Nabil Raheem Lahmod 5
1 - Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2 -
3 - Assis. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
4 - Ilam University
5 - Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Wasit University, Iraq
Keywords: Ascorbate peroxidase, Proline, Chlorophyll, Nano-chelated iron, Nano-chelated potassium,
Abstract :
An experiment was conducted to investigate the physiological responses of wheat to nano-fertilizers under drought stress, using a split-plot design based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Wasit, Iraq, during the 2023-2024 cropping season. The treatments consisted of drought stress at three levels (50%, 70%, and 100% of field capacity) and seed priming with nano-fertilizers at five levels (nano-chelated potassium, nano-chelated iron, nano-chelated zinc, a combination of nano-fertilizers [nano-chelated potassium + iron + zinc], and control [no priming]). The results demonstrated that seed priming with the combined nano-fertilizers improved physiological traits and mitigated drought stress across all stress levels. Antioxidant Enzymes: Compared to the control, priming with the combined nano-fertilizers, nano-zinc, nano-iron, and nano-potassium increased peroxidase activity by 47%, 19.69%, 30.26%, and 35.36%, catalase activity by 31.57%, 29.34%, 18.75%, and 30.85%, and ascorbate peroxidase activity by 44.44%, 37.5%, 28.57%, and 40.76%, respectively. Relative Water Content (RWC): Under 50% field capacity stress, nano-potassium application increased leaf RWC by 33.5% compared to the control. Chlorophyll a, Proline, and Grain Yield: At 50% field capacity, priming with the combined nano-fertilizers, nano-zinc, nano-iron, and nano-potassium increased chlorophyll a content by 35.75%, 10.85%, 3.36%, and 36%, proline content by 39.8%, 23.95%, 18.37%, and 38.21%, and grain yield by 31.39%, 23.15%, 7.61%, and 28.25%, respectively, compared to the control. Conclusion: Seed priming with the combined nano-fertilizers (nano-chelated potassium + iron + zinc) under 50% field capacity stress was the most effective treatment, enhancing photosynthetic pigments, proline synthesis, and antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby reducing drought stress effects and improving wheat grain yield.
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