An analysis of the concept of yoga and meditation in the Jain text Ācārāṅga Sutra

Subject Areas : Indian religions

bahareh zamiri jirsarai ¹ , Fayyaz Gharaei ²

1 -
2 - Religions and Mysticism, Theology, Ferdowsi University 0f Mashhad

Received: 2025-04-20 Accepted : 2025-07-18 Published : 2025-09-27

Keywords: Yoga, meditation, Jainism, scripture, asceticism,

Abstract :

In all religions, texts have an important place among other texts. Among the religions that originated and spread in India, the Jain religion is notable for its diverse works and themes.

The Agamas (Āgamas आगम) have such a position in Jainism. The Acharanga (Skr: Ācārāṅga; Prk: Āyāraṃga) is the earliest of the Agama texts and the most important primary source on Jain theoretical and practical meditation.

In fact, there is little evidence of meditation in Jain writings. This evidence is very scanty, but it is sufficient to indicate the existence of rudiments of meditation in Jainism. Many practices such as renunciation of the body, indifference, tolerance of hardships such as cold and heat, and strictness in performing austerities can be considered as yoga techniques.

The text also discusses the subject of death fasting (meditative death), which is considered a highly valued religious practice. Meditation during this period was done individually, in seclusion, and accompanied by strict and continuous fasting. The historical significance of the passages containing Mahavira's meditation practices in the Acharanga Sutra indicates that meditation was very prevalent in Jain monasticism from the very beginning.

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