Developing a Decentralized Healthcare Management Platform Using Multi-layer Blockchain Smart Contracts

Subject Areas : Computer Engineering

Soodeh Bakhshandeh ¹ , Salman Amirkhan ² , Mohammad Amirkhan ³ , Hassan Pourvali souraki ⁴

1 -
2 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
3 -
4 -

Received: 2025-01-21 Accepted : 2025-04-20 Published : 2025-04-07

Keywords: Healthcare System, Information Technology, Ethereum Blockchain, Smart Contract,

Abstract :

The health sector has special and unique requirements such as security and privacy, interoperability, sharing, transfer and access control. The significant advantages of blockchain, especially the compatibility of these advantages with health requirements, have led researchers to investigate the methods of applying blockchain in health. Despite the high potential of this technology for health applications, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. Internet of things using blockchain smart contract technology can be used as a promising approach to deal with emerging challenges caused by infectious and viral diseases in hospitals, clinics and healthcare centers. This paper examines the blockchain technology as a fundamental principle in today's world and introduces it as a potential for the development of distributed applications and also tries to use the smart contract system based on the Ethereum blockchain as an efficient access management system in order to provide various programs in the field of health. Ethereum and smart contracts are open, decentralized, and immutable, and are therefore always subject to vulnerabilities caused by simple coding errors by developers. In this paper, a smart contract system for blockchain-based applications in healthcare management is developed to facilitate medical ecosystems. The results of this research, which is based on the development of a smart contract system for blockchain-based applications in healthcare management, will facilitate medical ecosystems.

References:

[1] L.M. Dang, M.J. Piran, D. Han, K. Min, and H. Moon, "A survey on internet of things and cloud computing for healthcare", Electronics, Vol. 8, No. 7: 768, 2019.
[2] E. Maserat, Z. Mohammadzadeh, F. Mohammadi, and M. Kamali, "Feasibility of Implementing Blockchain and Internet of Things Technologies in Hospitals Affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences", Journal of Modern Medical Information Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 3: 282-293, 2022.
[3] I. Al Khatib, A. Shamayleh, and M. Ndiaye. Healthcare and the Internet of Medical Things: Applications, Trends, Key Challenges, and Proposed Resolutions. in Informatics. 2024. MDPI.
[4] A. Khatoon, "A blockchain-based smart contract system for healthcare management", Electronics, Vol. 9, No. 1: 94, 2020.
[5] A. Khatoon, P. Verma, J. Southernwood, B. Massey, and P. Corcoran, "Blockchain in energy efficiency: Potential applications and benefits", Energies, Vol. 12, No. 17: 3317, 2019.
[6] F. Ullah and F. Al-Turjman, "A conceptual framework for blockchain smart contract adoption to manage real estate deals in smart cities", Neural Computing and Applications, Vol. 35, No. 7: 5033-5054, 2023.
[7] C. Huang, J. Wang, S. Wang, and Y. Zhang, "Internet of medical things: A systematic review", Neurocomputing, Vol., No.: 126719, 2023.
[8] B. Singh, D. Lopez, and R. Ramadan, "Internet of things in Healthcare: a conventional literature review", Health and Technology, Vol. 13, No. 5: 699-719, 2023.
[9] E. Sharmila, K. Rama Krishna, G. Prasad, B. Anand, C.V. Kwatra, and D. Kapila, "IoMT—Applications, Benefits, and Future Challenges in the Healthcare Domain", Advances in Fuzzy‐Based Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), Vol., No.: 1-23, 2024.
[10] S.K. Dwivedi, R. Amin, J.D. Lazarus, and V. Pandi, "Blockchain‐Based Electronic Medical Records System with Smart Contract and Consensus Algorithm in Cloud Environment", Security and Communication Networks, Vol. 2022, No. 1: 4645585, 2022.
[11] H. Taherdoost, "Blockchain-based internet of medical things", Applied Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 3: 1287, 2023.
[12] P. Qi, D. Chiaro, F. Giampaolo, and F. Piccialli, "A blockchain-based secure Internet of medical things framework for stress detection", Information Sciences, Vol. 628, No.: 377-390, 2023.
[13] A.A. Siyal, A.Z. Junejo, M. Zawish, K. Ahmed, A. Khalil, and G. Soursou, "Applications of blockchain technology in medicine and healthcare: Challenges and future perspectives", Cryptography, Vol. 3, No. 1: 3, 2019.
[14] Khatoon, Asma. "A blockchain-based smart contract system for healthcare management." Electronics 9.1 (2020): 94.