A Linguistic Analysis of Syntactic Rules in the Kufic and Basrian Schools with Focusing on Ibn Anbari's Al-Ansaf

Khadijeh Jalali ¹ ( )
Zahra Khosravi Vmakani ² ( )

Submited date : 2024-12-09 Accepted date : 2025-01-13

Keywords: Linguistics, Syntax Rules, Kufa School, Basra School, Ibn Anbari,

Abstract :

Given the increasing importance of linguistic analysis of the Arabic language and the need to examine its grammatical rules, this study investigates the grammatical differences between the Kufi and Basrian schools of Arabic grammar, with a focus on Ibn Anbari's "Al-Insaf." Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the study reveals significant disparities between the two schools, particularly in areas such as the diacritics of words, sentence order, the role of particles, and rhetorical styles. The Kufi grammarians primarily relied on usage (poetry and prose) to substantiate their views, while the Basrians also provided rationales for their rules. Notable differences between the two schools include issues related to the diacritics of past tense verbs used as present tense, the subject of accusative and nominative cases after "ma" and "إن", the precedence and succession of sentence elements, and the usage of particles such as "إن", "أن", and "لولا". Variations in the use of redundant words like the conjunctive particle "waw" and the role of pronouns following "لولا" were also observed. The analysis of the topics discussed in "Al-Insaf" indicates that these differences stem from varying approaches, reference sources, and interpretations of Arabic grammar rules, ultimately reflecting the richness and diversity of the Arabic language and the various perspectives on its grammar. These diverse viewpoints have contributed to the development of Arabic grammar and a deeper understanding of its structures.

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