Identification and Distribution Pattern of Benthic Diatoms “Monophyletic Orders, Surirellales and Rhopalodiales” in Laft-Khamir Estuary
Subject Areas : Biology sea
Nafiise Hasani
1
,
Rezvan Musavi Nadushan
2
,
Mohamad Reza Fatemi
3
,
Afshin Danehkar
4
,
Pargol Ghavam Mostafavi
5
1 - Department Subject Faculty of Agriculture, Water, Food and Parabens, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, North Tehran College, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
3 - Department Subject Faculty of Agriculture, Water, Food and Parabens, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran..
4 - Department Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
5 - Department Subject Faculty of Agriculture, Water, Food and Parabens, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Keywords: Microphytobentose, estuary, Laft-Khamir, pennate diatoms, raphe, Monophiletic, Surirellales, Rhopalodiales. ,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: Among the elongate diatoms (Raphid Pennate) and based on morphological and genetic principles, two orders “Surirellales and Rhopalodiales” are monophyletic and form very large and diverse groups in different aquatic ecosystems such as freshwater, estuaries, seawater, and especially benthic habitats. In the present study, to fully and accurately understand the community structure of the two orders Surirellales and Rhopalodiales, sediment sampling was performed in three deltaic, coastal, and island zones at Laft-Khamir estuary on Qeshm Island
Material and Methodology: three stations were selected in each region. Water parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, electrical conductivity, and total water-soluble solids), and biological parameters (microphytobenthos) were sampled in two cold and warm seasons (winter 2017 and summer 2018) during low tide time.
Findings: According to the results of this study, 10 species of these two orders were identified with 6 genera, of which 9 species belonged to the order Surirellales and only one belonged to the order Rhopalodiales. The genus Surirella with 4 species had the highest number of species and Surirella sp. with the highest density identified as the dominant species in the island zone and the cold season.
Discussion and Conclusion: The results obtained from statistical analysis that was performed to investigate the relationship between biological and environmental parameters showed that Microphytobenthos communities in the order Surirellales had a uniform distribution in deltaic, island, coastal zones in the studied seasons (P<0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the island zone and the coastal and deltaic zones in terms of communities of order Rhopalodiales (P<0.05), and the two orders Surirellales and Rhopalodiales showed more diversity in deltaic and island regions in warm seasons than in cold seasons. Additionally, based on the results of CAP analysis, changes in the parameters of temperature and salinity were recognized as the most important factors affecting the distribution of Cymatopleura, Cymatopleura elliptica, Campylodiscus sp., Surirella tenera, Surirella linearis, Surirella pinniger in the delta zones. It was also identified that changes in dissolved oxygen were the most important factors affecting the distribution of Entomoneis ornata in the island zone. Finally, Surirella sp, Stenopterobia sigmatella, and Rhopalodia gibba were identified as the dominant species in waters with lower salinity in the island zone.
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