اﻟﺘﻬﺎب ﮔﻮش ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ در ﮔﻮﺳﺎﻟﻪ
Subject Areas : clinical veterinary science
1 -
Keywords: calf, otitis media, etiology, clinical signs, treatment and control,
Abstract :
Otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear) occurs in several animal species, especially cattle. Bacterial infection is the main cause of otitis media in calves. Sporadic otitis media is mostly reported in calves. However, it can also occur as the outbreaks in calves. Age and milk feeding are two important risk factors for otitis media in calves. There are three routes of entry for bacteria: 1. Through the external ear canal 2. Through the eustachian tube 3. Through hematogenous way. Clinical signs include depression, fever, anorexia, ear discharge, ear drooping, and symptoms related to the involvement of the Ⅶ and Ⅷ (facial and vestibulocochlear) nerves. Clinical diagnosis of otitis media in calves is based on the presence of symptoms such as facial and vestibulocochlear nerve dysfunction, ear discharge, fever, and ocular discharge. However, other diagnostic methods such as radiography, computed tomography (CT scan) and tympanocentesis are needed to confirm the diagnosis. CT scan is the gold standard for diagnosing otitis media. Since most cases of otitis media in calves are caused by Mycoplasma species, tetracyclines, florfenicol, macrolides or fluoroquinolones are favored. For prevention of otitis media in calves, cows excreting mycoplasmas in milk should be culled or their milk should not be consumed by calves or should be pasteurized. In general, otitis media is one of the important diseases of calves that can occur as outbreaks. Treatment, control, and prevention of the otitis media could be difficult, as different factors are associated with the disease. The purpose of this study was to review the scientific articles related to otitis media in calves focusing on the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and control of the disease.
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