Evaluation of the effects of environmental criteria on the security of urban neighborhoods, case study: Zarjoob neighborhood, Rasht city
Subject Areas :A. Salaripour 1 , M. Babaei 2 , E. Rafizaedmalakshah 3
1 - استاد مدعو دانشگاه گیلان
2 - University of Guilan
3 - University of Guilan
Keywords: AHP, Rasht, crime, urban environment,
Abstract :
Crime is a social disorder that has direct impact on the wellbeing of urban residents. Reduction of face to face relations between people in contemporary cities has weakened public surveillance in urban places. Insecurity leads to reduction of social interaction opportunities in residential environments which in result decrease the level of place attachment among settlers of these areas. Researches have proven that environmental factors have large effect on the frequency of crime occurrence. Proper environmental design can lead to increase of public surveillance and decrease of indefensible spaces in residential areas. Monitoring the number of crime occurrences in urban neighborhoods and those environmental factors that affect them is one of critical solutions in prevention of urban crimes. For this purpose, this article is dedicated to comparison of crime rates in different residential regions of Rasht city and has evaluated the relationship between crime frequency and environmental condition of these regions. In first step, crime distribution map is provided by using statistical information. Findings of the first step show that Golsar is most secure and Zarjoob is most insecure neighborhood of the Rasht. In second step, these neighborhoods are compared based on environmental criteria affecting crime occurrence applying AHP and Arc GIS. Results show that Zarjoob neighborhood has worse condition in environmental condition. Finally, with distinguishing the weaknesses of this neighborhood in comparison with other ones; some solutions are proposed to enhance its environmental condition. Proposed solutions are primarily concentrated on identification of indefensible spaces and solving their related problems.
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Crowe, T. D. (2000). Crime prevention through environmental design: Applications of architectural design and space management concepts. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Jeffery, C. R. (1971). Crime prevention through environmental design (p. 215). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Loukaitou-Sideris, A. (2006). Is it safe to walk? 1 neighborhood safety and security considerations and their effects on walking. Journal of Planning Literature, 20(3), 219-232.
Merigan, H. L. (2013). Hot-Spot Policing and the Use of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design.
Murray, A. T., McGuffog, I., Western, J. S., & Mullins, P. (2001). Exploratory spatial data analysis techniques for examining urban crime implications for evaluating treatment. British Journal of criminology, 41(2), 309-329.
Parto, S., & Ziabakhsh, N. (2015). Study the Role of Architecture and Environmental Design in Crime Prevention with Emphasis on CPTED Approach.
Sakip, S. R. M., & Abdullah, A. (2012). Measuring crime prevention through environmental design in a gated residential area: A pilot survey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 42, 340-349.
Wolf, K. L. (2010). Crime and Fear-A Literature Review. Green Cities: Good Health. College of the Environment, University of Washington.