The mediating role of behavioral self – regulation in relation of family function dimensions and assertiveness
Subject Areas : TectonostratigraphyA.B Fatehi 1 , محبوبه Fooladchang 2 , فخرالسادات Abedi 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه شیراز
2 - عضو هئیت علمی دانشگاه شیراز
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه شیراز
Keywords: Family Function, behavioral self – regulation, assertiveness,
Abstract :
The present study investigated a model of the antecedents of assertiveness. In this model, family function dimensions were considered as exogenous variables, assertiveness as endogenous variable, and self-regulation as mediators. 265 students (121 girls and 144 boys) were selected from high school students of city Abarkuh by multistage cluster sampling method. For Data collection used from Three questionnaires: Family function (Epstein, Baldwin, & Bishop, 1983), behavioral self – regulation (Brown, Miller, & Lawendowski, 1999) and Assertiveness (Gambrill, & Richey, 1975). The hypothetical model was tested by path analysis and significance of the meditational effects were examined by Bootstrap method. The results indicated that the problem solving, emotional engagement and Behavior control dimensions of family functions were positive significant predictors of assertiveness indirectly through behavioral self-regulation as a mediator. Also, behavioral self – regulation was a significant positive predictor of assertiveness. The findings were discussed in terms of the applications for parents and increasing assertiveness in students.
- Araghee, Y. (2010). Family function and children's general health. Journal of Psychology and Religion, 1 (3), 63-77.
- Bahrami, F. (1996). A comparison of the effectiveness of assertiveness training by individual and group counseling among low assertive female students in Isfahan. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Allame Tabatabaee University, Tehran, Iran.
- Baker, S. R. (2003). A prospective longitudinal investigation of social problem-solving appraisals on adjustment to university, stress, health, and academic motivation and performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(3), 569-591.
- Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 248-287.
- Bandura, A. (1997). Self- efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.606 peges.
- Barker, P., & Chang, J. (2013). Basic family therapy. John Wiley & Sons.
- Baumeister, R. F. (1996). Self- regulation and ego threat: Motivated cognition, self deception, and destructive goal setting. In: The Psycology of Action: Linking Conition and Motivation to Behavior. Gollwitzer, peterm. (Ed). Bargh, John A. (Ed). Guilford: Press New York and London.
- Baumeister, R. F., & Vonasch, A. J. (2015). Uses of self-regulation to facilitate and restrain addictive behavior. Addictive Behaviors, 44, 3-8.
- Beavers, R. W. (1988). A systems model of family for family therapist. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 7, 229-307.
- Bekker, M. H., Croon, M. A., van Balkom, E. G., &Vermee, J. B. (2008). Predicting individual differences in autonomy‐connectedness: the role of body awareness, alexithymia, and assertiveness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 747-765.
- Bollen, K. A., & Stine, R. (1990). Direct and indirect effects: Classical and bootstrap estimates of variability. Sociological Methodology, 20(1), 15-140.
- Bouffard, T., Boisvert, J., Vezeau, C., &Larouche, C. (1995). The impact of goal orientation on self‐regulation and performance among college students. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 65(3), 317-329.
- Bronson, M. B. (2000). Self- regulation in early childhood, Nature and nurture. New York and London, Guilford Press.
- Brown, J. M, Miller, W. R, & Lawendowski, L. A. (1999). The self-regulation questionnaire. In: Vande Creek, L., Jackson, T.L., (eds.) Innovations in Clinical Practice: A Sourcebook. 17. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press/Professional Resource Exchange. 281–292.
- Calkins, S. D., Smith, C. L., Gill, K. L., & Johnson, M. C. (1998). Maternal interactive style across contexts: Relations to emotional, behavioral and physiological regulation during toddlerhood. Social Development, 7(3), 350-369.
- Carey, K. B., Neal, D. J., & Collins, S. E. (2004). A psychometric analysis of the self-regulation questionnaire. Addictive behaviors, 29(2), 253-260.
- Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. (1990). Principles of self-regulation: Action and emotion. Guilford Press.
- Chenari, S., & Yousefi, F. (2015). The adolescents’ self-efficacy dimensions in different family types based on the contextual family process and content model. Journal of Journal of Psychological Methods and Models, 5 (18), 1-24.
- Dignath, C., Buettner, G., & Langfeldt, H. P. (2008). How can primary school students learn self-regulated learning strategies most effectively?: A meta-analysis on self-regulation training programmes. Educational Research Review, 3 (2), 101-129.
- Epstein, N. B., Baldwin, L. M., & Bishop, D. S. (1983). The McMaster family assessment device. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 9(2), 171-180.
- Gambrill, E. D., & Richey, C. A. (1975). An assertion inventory for use in assessment and research. Behavior Therapy, 6 (4), 550-561.
- Grolnick, W. S. (2009). The role of parents in facilitating autonomous self-regulation for education. Theory and Research in Education, 7 (2), 164-173.
- Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Parent styles associated with children's self-regulation and competence in school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81 (2), 143- 154.
- Güven, M. (2010). An analysis of the vocational education undergraduate students’ levels of assertiveness and problem-solving skills. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2 (2), 2064-2070.
- Hakio, N., Rantanen, A., Åstedt-Kurki, P., & Suominen, T. (2015). Parents’ experiences of family functioning, health and social support provided by nurses–A pilot study in paediatric intensive care. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 31 (1),
- Hargie, O., Saunders, C., & Dickson, D. (1994). Social skills in interpersonal communication. Psychology Press.
- Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52 (12), 1280.
- Hosseini, M., & Samani, S. (2012). A study of the relationship between the family function dimensions and self-regulation in children. Journal of Family ResearcH. 8(3),305-317.
- Karami, J., Zakiei, A., & Rostami, S. (2012). The role of meta-cognitive beliefs and self-efficacy in predicting social phobia in third grade boy students in Kermanshah. Journal of School Psychology, 1 (1), 62-75.
- Karreman, A., van Tuijl, C., Van Aken, M. A., & Dekovic, M. (2006). Parenting and self-regulation in preschoolers: A meta-analysis. Infant and Child Development, 15(6), 561.
- Khazaee, T., Khazaee, M., & Khazaee, M. (2005). The prevalence of behavioural problems among children in Birjand. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 12 (1,2), 79-85.
- Kirschner, D. A., & Kirschner, S. (1985). Comprehensive family therapy: An integration of systemic and psychodynamic treatment models. Bruner Meisel U.
- Lin, Y. R., Shiah, I. S., Chang, Y. C., Lai, T. J., Wang, K. Y., & Chou, K. R. (2004). Evaluation of an assertiveness training program on nursing and medical students’ assertiveness, self-esteem, and interpersonal communication satisfaction. Nurse Education Today, 24 (8), 656-665.
- Lizarraga, M., Ugarte, M., Elawar, M., Iriarte, M., & Baquedano, M. (2003). Enhancement of self-regulation, assertiveness, and empathy. Learning and Instruction, 13 (4), 423-439.
- Mahbod, M., & Fouladchang, F. (2012). The role of attachment to parents in academic achievement with the mediation of self-efficacy. Applied Psychology Journal, 1 (21), 88-102.
- Malouff, J. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B.,& Schutte, N. S. (2007). The efficacy of problem solving therapy in reducing mental and physical health problems: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27 (1), 46-57.
- Mangrulkar, L., Whitman, C. V., & Posner, M. (2001). Life skills approach to child and adolescent healthy human development. Pan American Health Organization, Division of Health Promotion and Protection, Family Health and Population Program, Adolescent Health Unit.
- Masters, J. C., Burish, T. G., Hollon, S. D. & Rimm, D. C. (1987). behavior therapy: techniques and empirical findings, 3rd end. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
- Minuchin, S., & Fishman, H. C. (1981). Family therapy techniques. Harvard University Press.
- Neissi, A. K., & Shehniyailagh, M. (2001). The effect of assertiveness training on assertiveness, self-esteem, social anxiety, and mental health on high school male students with social anxiety problem from Ahwaz. Journal of Education and Psychology, Ahwaz University, 3 (8), 11-30.
- Olson, D. H. (2000). Circumplex model of marital and family systems. Journal of family Therapy, 22 (2), 144-167.
- Paavilainen, E., Lehti, K., Kurki, P., & Tarkka, M. T. (2006). Family functioning assessed by family members in Finnish families of heart patients. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 5 (1), 54-59.
- Paterson, M., Green, J. M., Basson, C. J., & Ross, F. (2002). Probability of assertive behaviour, interpersonal anxiety and self‐efficacy of South African registered dietitians. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 15 (1), 9-17.
- Pervin, L. A., & John, O. P. (Eds.). (1999). Handbook of personality: Theory and research. Elsevier.
- Pianta, R. C., Steinberg, M. S., & Rollins, K. B. (1995). The first two years of school: Teacher-child relationships and deflections in children's classroom adjustment. Development and Psychopathology, 7 (02), 295-312.
- Rakos, R. F. (1991). Assertive behavior: Theory, research, and training. Taylor & Frances/ Routledge.
- Ryckman, R. M. (2012). Theories of personality. Cengage Learning.
- Sabri, M., Fouladchang, M., Mohammadi Dahaghani, M., & Golzar, H. R. (2015). The relationship between family communication patterns dimensions and resilience in high school students: mediating role of emotional intelligence. Journal of Journal of Psychological Methods and Models, 5 (18), 109-128.
- Salari, R. (2001). Comparison of family functioning in depressed and normal adolescents. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Schunk, D. H. (2001). Self-regulation through goal setting. ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and Student Service, University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
- Schunk, D. H., & Zimmerman, B. J. (2007). Influencing children's self-efficacy and self-regulation of reading and writing through modeling. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 23 (1), 7-25.
- Sheikholeslami, R., & Borzo, S. (2015). Child-parenting and responsibility among adolescents: the mediating role of identity processing styles. Journal of Journal of Psychological Methods and Models, 6 (19), 97-120.
- Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7 (4), 422.
- Sigelman, C. K. (1999). Life-span human development. (3th Ed). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
- Stright, A. D., Neitzel, C., Sears, K. G., & Hoke, L. (2001). Instruction begins in the home: relations between parental instruction and children's self-regulation in the classroom. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93 (3), 456.
- Vahedi, S. (2011). Self-regulation as a mediator of the relation between dimensions of non-supportive parenting style and aggression of adolescents: A Structural equation modeling method. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 13. 1(49), 6-19.
- Vahedi, S., Mostafafi, F., & Mortazanajad, H. (2009). Self-regulation and dimensions of parenting styles predict psychological procrastination of undergraduate students. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 4 (4), 147-154.
- Walker, O. L., Degnan, K. A., Fox, N. A., & Henderson, H. A. (2013). Social problem solving in early childhood: Developmental change and the influence of shyness. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 34 (4), 185-193.
- Wang, J., & Zhao, X. (2012). Family functioning and social support for older patients with depression in an urban area of Shanghai, China. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 55 (3), 574-579.
- World Health Organization. (2006). The world health report 2006: working together for health. World Health Organization.
- Zadeh Mohammadi, A., & Malek Khosravi, G. (2006). The preliminary study of psychometric and reliability of family assessment device. Journal of Family Research, 2 (5), 70-89.
- Zimmerman, B. J., & Pons, M. M. (1986). Development of a structured interview for assessing student use of self-regulated learning strategies. American Educational Research Journal, 23 (4), 614-628.
- Zimmerman, B. J., & Pons, M. M. (1990). Student differences in self-regulated learning: Relating grade, sex, and giftedness to self-efficacy and strategy use. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82 (1), 51.
_||_