Effects of nitrogen and planting density on yield and oil content of castor (Ricinus communis L.)
Subject Areas : Agroecology JournalMehrzad Alimohammadi 1 , seed alireza valadabadi 2 , jahanfar daneshiyan 3 , behruz aref 4
1 - Associate Professor of Agronomy Department, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahre-Qods, Iran.
2 - M.Sc. in Agronomy, Takestan Branch Islamic Azad University
3 - M.Sc. in Agronomy, Takestan Branch Islamic Azad University.
4 - Associate professor of Seed and Plant Improvement Institue, Karaj. J_daneshian@yahoo.com
Keywords: nitrogen, Density, Seed yield, Oil yield, Castor bean,
Abstract :
Effects of plant population and nitrogen application was studied for the agronomical traits and growth indexes of castor. A split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at Esmaeilabad Educational Center of Ghazvin Province in 2006. Different nitrogen amounts were applied included four nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80, 120 kg/ha) and different plant density included 2.5, 4 and 5.5 plants/m2. The results revealed that the highest and the lowest yield and oil obtained where 120 kg and 0 kg nitrogen per hectare were applied, respectively. Plant densities revealed significant differences for all characteristics. The highest and least yield and oil obtained from 5.5 and 2.5 plants/m2, respectively. The intraction of nitrogen and plant density showed a significant effect on characteristics such as weight of claster, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per square meter, weight of 1000 seeds, and seed yield. The highest weight of claster, the high number of seeds per plant and high weight of 100 seeds resulted in the interaction of the plant density of 2.5 plants/m2 and 120 kg/ha. The lowest values were belonging to the density of 5.5 plants/m2 and no nitrogen applied. High number of seeds/m2 and high yield were resulted from the interaction of density of 5.5 plants/m2 and 120 kg nitrogen/ha. Consequently, 120 kg/ha notrogen fertilizer with 5.5 plants/m2 are recommended for high yield and high oil content.
Allam AU, EL- Nager GR, Gala AH (2003) Response of sunflower hybrids to planting dates and densities. Acta Agronomy Hangrica 51 (1): 25-35.
Ardakani MR, Rahmati A, Daneshian J, Valizadeh M (2007) Investigating the effect of density on yield and yield components of two sunflower hybrids. Proceeding of 9th Iranian Crop Science Congress. Tehran University, Pardis Abu-Reyhan. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Choilt O (1988) Reports of the crop experimental station (special crops). Suwan, Korea.
Hikwa D, MugwIra LM (2001) Response of castor cultivar “Hale” To rant and method of nitrogen fertilizer application in different enviroments of Zimbabwe. African Crop Science Journal 8: 23-35.
Koutrobas SD, Papakosta DK, Doitsinis A (2000) Water requirements for castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) in a mediterranean climate. Agronomy Journal 784:33-41.
Lak Sh A, Naderi S, Siadat A, Ayneh Bandough A, Nour-Mohammadi G (2007) Effect of different nitrogen levels and plant density under different moisture conditions on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of corn cv. single cross 704 in khouzestan. Journal of Iranian Crop Science. 8(2): 56-67.
Omidbeygi R (1998) Production and productivity approach of medicinal plants. Nikrouz publishing. 155 pp.
Patel PK (1976) Nipping of branches increases yield in castor. Ind. Fmy. 26(3): 35-43.
Pooran, Ch, Singh PK, Goverd Han M, Chand P (2003) Study of moistur conservation practices and time of nitrogen application on yield of castor (Ricinus communis L.) Progressive Agriculture 3:1-2, 111-112.
Rafiol-Hoseini M, Salehi F (2002) Determination of sunflower cultivar and its optimum density in order to oil production in Shahr-e-Kord area. Proceeding of the First Scientific- Practical Seminar on Vegetable Oil Industry of Iran.
Samsam Shariat H (1996) Growing and propagation of medicinal plants. Mafi publishing. 275 pp.
Naseri F (1997) Oil seeds (translation). Press and Publication Institute of Astan Qods Razavi. 816 pp. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Weiss EA (2000) Oil seed crops. Black Weel Science, pp:13-52.
William IH, Kittock DL (1989) Management factors influencing viability of castor bean. Agronomy Journal 67(6): 954-8.
_||_