Antifungal effect of aqueous extract and eugenol of clove on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami, the causal agent of sesame yellows and wilt
Subject Areas : Agroecology JournalKeywords: Sesame yellows and wilt, F. oxysporum. f.sp. sesami, eugenol, clove exteraction, biological compounds,
Abstract :
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami, the causal agent of sesame yellows and wilt is one of important and destructive pathogens of Sesame indicum. Management methods are mainly based on chemical control with sever environmental problems, because resistance cultivars are not introduced for this disease. In this study, to reach to sustainable agriculture goals, extract and eugenol of clove were used as a biological materials to control of the pathogen. Based on the results, application of 25, 50, 75 and 100 percentage concentrations of clove extract reduced the pathogen growth rate by 10.33%, 11.36%, 13.75% and 51.1%, respectively. Also, eugenol application at above mentioned concentrations reduced the pathogen growth rate up to 75%, 76.47%, 79.83% and 81.85%, respectively. It seems that eugenol is the major and effective components of clove to control of pathogen. The biological material used in this study did not have any negative effect on sesame seed germination and all treatment were placed in one statistical group with the control. This study is the first research for world on control of F. oxysporum. sp. sesami by biological compounds from clove and so more studies are recommended on their effect on the pathogen in greenhouses and fields.
Abd-El-Moneem KMH (1996) Effect of micronutrients on incidence of sesame charcoal root-rot and wilt disease complex. Journal of Agricultural Science 27: 181-195.
Abdou E, Abd-Ala HM, Galal AA (2001) Survey of sesame root rot/wilt disease in Minia and their possible control by ascorbic and salicylic acids (abstr). Journal of Agricultural Science 32: 135-152.
Banihashemi Z (1968) The biology and ecology of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis in soil and root zones of host and nonhost plants. Ph.D. Thesis, Michigan State University. 114 pp.
Banihashemi Z (1981) Fusarium wilt of sesame in Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 17: 75-79 [In Persian with English Abstract].
Castellani E (1950) Lvvizzimento del sesamo. Review of Applied Mycology 30: 78-95.
Chami N, Bennis S, Chami F, Aboussekhra A, Remmal A (2005) Study of anticandidal activity of carvacrol and eugenol in vitro and in vivo. Oral Microbiology and Immunology 20: 106-111.
Chung HS, Choi WB (1990) Biological control of sesame damping off in the field by coating seed with antagonistic Trichoderma viride. Seed Science and Technology 18: 451-459.
Chung BK, Hong KS (1991) Biological control with Streptomyces sp. on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum and Phytophthora nicotiana var. parasitica causing sesame wilt and blight. Korean Journal of Mycology 19: 231-237.
El-Bramawy MA, Veverka K, Veverka S, El-Shazly MS, El-Sattar MA, El - Ashary MA, Ammar SE (2001) Evaluation of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami in hybrid lines of sesame under greenhouse conditions. (abstr.). Plant Protection Science 37: 74-79.
Gabr MR, Saleh OI, Hussein NA, Khalil MA (1998 b) Physiological studies and cell wall degrading enzymes of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami and Macrophomina phaseoli: the causal organisms of wilt and root rot diseases of sesame. (abstr.). Egyptian Journal of Microbiology 33: 595-610.
Hammed HA, Saad MM, Sahab AF (1996) Antagonistic interaction between some antagonistic micro-organisms and pathogen causing root rot and wilt diseases. African Journal of Mycology and Biotechnology 4: 29-37.
Hyun JW, Kim YH, Lee YS, Park WM (1999) Isolation and evaluation of protective effect against Fusarium wilt of sesame plants of antibiotic substance from Bacillus polymixa KB-8. Plant Pathology 15: 152-157.
Jayaraj T (1989) Effect of chemical spray on disease incidence in sesame. Pestology 13: 32-33.
Kang SW, Kim HK (1989) Gliocladium virens, a potential biocontrol agent against damping off and Fusarium wilt of sesame in problem fields in Korea. The Research Reports of the Rural Development Administration, Korea, 31: 19-26.
Karunanithi K, Usman KM (1999) Screening of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami causing wilt in Sesamum. Crop Research 18: 127-130.
Kishore GK, Pande S (2004) Natural fungicides for management of phytopathogenic fungi. Annual Review of Plant Pathology 3: 331-356.
Kishore GK, Pande S, Harish S (2007) Evaluation of essential oils and their components for broad-spectrum antifungal activity and control of late leaf spot and crown rot diseases in peanut. Plant Disease 91: 375-379.
Leslie JF, Summerell BA (2006) Fusarium laboratory manual. Blackwell Publishing. 387 pp.
Menniti AM,Gregoria R, Neria F (2010) Activity of natural compounds on Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin production in stored maize kernels. International Journal of Food Microbiology 136: 304-309.
Pawar VC, Thaker VS (2007) Evaluation of anti-Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cicer and Alternaria porri effects of some essential oils. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 23: 1099-1106.
Sangle UR, Bambawale OM (2004) New strains of Trichoderma spp. strongly antagonistic against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 34: 107-109.
Suwitchayanon P, Kunasakdakul K (2009) In vitro effects of clove and turmeric extracts controlling crucifer pathogens. Journal of Agricultural Technology 5: 193-199.
Velluti A, Sanchis V, Ramos AJ, Turon C, Marin S (2004) Impact of essential oils on growth rate, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol production of Fusarium graminearum under different temperature and water activity conditions in maize grain. Journal of Applied Microbiology 96: 716-724.
Wuike RV, Shingare VS, Dawane PN (1998) Biological control of sesame wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami. Journal of Soil and Crop 8: 103-104.
_||_