Synthesis of Resin-based Composites Containing Cellulose Nanocrystal and Nano-amorphous Calcium Phosphate for Orthodontic Adhesive Uses
Subject Areas : Journal of Nanoanalysis
Nasrin Shahmiri
1
,
Nahid Hassanzadeh Nemati
2
,
Ahmad Ramazani Saadatabadi
3
,
Massoud Seifi
4
1 - Department of biomedical engineering, islamic azad universty , science and research branch, tehran Iran
2 - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: composite resin, orthodontic bonding, white spot lesion, cellulose nanocrystal, amorphous calcium phosphate,
Abstract :
White spot lesions (WSLs) commonly develop around orthodontic brackets. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is known for its remineralizing properties, which can help prevent WSLs. However, the incorporation of ACP may compromise the mechanical strength of the material. This study focuses on the development of experimental orthodontic adhesives incorporating cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) to evaluate their bond strength and mineral release properties. The experimental resin formulation included BisEMA, TEGDMA, 4-META, camphorquinone, and DMAEM. Adhesive disks underwent characterization through FESEM, EDS, and XRD techniques. The release of minerals was quantified using ICP-OES. The shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated immediately after bonding metal brackets to bovine incisors. Adhesives containing various fractions of ACP (15%, 20%, and 40%) exhibited sustained release of calcium and phosphorus over a 30-day period. The incorporation of ACP and CNC contributed to a reduction in adhesive cytotoxicity. The adhesive formulation with 40% ACP + 5% CNC showed the lowest SBS, whereas the adhesive with 15% ACP + 5% CNC demonstrated suitable bond strength for orthodontic applications. Addition of 20% CNC to the experimental resin positively impacted bracket bond strength. Likewise, 20% ACP improved shear bond strength. However, the combination of 5% CNC with ACP did not significantly affect bond strength. ACP nanoparticles show promise for integration into experimental orthodontic adhesives containing BisEMA, TEGDMA, 4-META, CQ, and DMAEM. The synergistic use of ACP with CNC remains a topic of debate and warrants further investigation.
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