The relationship between intestinal microbiota composition and the incidence of insulin resistance, a mechanistic review
Subject Areas :
Behina Foroozanmehr
1
,
Mohammad Amin Hemmati
2
,
Majid Eslami
3
,
Habib Yaribeygi
4
1 - Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
2 - Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
3 - Molecular Medicine Research Center ; Hormozgan University of Medical Science
4 - Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Insulin resistance, Intestinal microbiota, Inflammation, Fatty acid oxidation,
Abstract :
Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease in humans. This chronic disease is directly related to many cases of death or disability and reduced quality of life in humans, despite the efforts made, its prevalence continues to increase worldwide. Studies show that diabetes is one of the main risk factors for the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, and increasing its prevalence directly increases the probability of these diseases. Therefore, extensive research has been done on the causes of this disease worldwide. Along with factors such as obesity and physical inactivity, studies have shown that the composition of the gut microbiome may contribute to the production of inflammatory or anti-inflammatory factors that can help regulate insulin action and blood sugar levels. As a result, changes in the composition of the gut microbiome can directly lead to changes in insulin signaling and blood sugar levels and lead to diabetes. The intestinal microbiota is a complex combination of microorganisms living in the human intestine that perform many physiological activities. However, the evidence shows that in diabetic patients, the composition of the intestinal microbiome may be associated with changes that can help the metabolic balance of the body and create insulin resistance, so a change in the composition of this natural flora can cause a shift in metabolism and the occurrence of diabetes. However, the mediating mechanisms have not been well identified yet. Therefore, in the present review, some evidences related to the role of intestinal microbiota in the occurrence of diabetes have been presented and mediating mechanisms have been introduced. The present article shows that any factor that leads to a change in the composition of the intestinal microbiota can be the cause of diabetes among the various pathways introduced.
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