Inhibitory Effect of Phallusia Nigra (Savigny, 1816) Extract on Activity of Alpha –Amylase

Subject Areas : Journal of Animal Biology

Asmae  Tajik ¹ (Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, BandarAbbas, Iran)
Mousa  Keshavarz ² (Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, BandarAbbas, Iran)
Ahmad  Homaei ³ (Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, BandarAbbas, Iran)

Received: 2021-08-26 Accepted : 2021-09-11 Published : 2022-05-22

Keywords: IC50, Antidiabetic, Alpha-amylase, DNSA, Phallusia nigra, Acarbose,

Abstract :

Increased blood sugar levels play an important role in the development of diabetes. Thus, inhibition of alpha-amylase enzyme inhibits the conversion of polysaccharides to glucose or reduces it. In diabetics, this enzyme can be effective in absorbing glucose from the gastrointestinal tract and preventing a rapid rise in blood sugar. Ascidians are known as a group of marine fauna rich in bioactive secondary metabolites. This study was aimed at evaluating the inhibitory effect of alpha-amylase activity on Phallusia nigra. Specimens of P. nigra belonged to Qeshm and Hormoz islands. Under vacuum, using a rotary evaporator, the samples were extracted from polarity, i.e. ethyl acetate, methanol and water-methanol, respectively. Moreover, the percentage of alpha-amylase inhibitor activity was evaluated based on DNSA method in vitro and acarbose was used as a positive control. The results revealed that among all extracts, the highest inhibitory percentage was related to acarbose at a concentration of 2000 µg/ml equal to 69.65% and the lowest value was related to water-methanolic extract at a concentration of 500 µg/ml and equal to 15.39%. The highest inhibitory activity was observed as acarbose>ethyl acetate>methanol>water-methanol. Furthermore, the results showed a direct relationship between the level of enzyme inhibition and the concentration of extracts. In this study, ethyl acetate extract had the highest inhibitory effect of alpha-amylase enzyme with IC50 equal to 1327.244 µg/ml, followed by methanolic extract with IC50 equal to 1529.68 µg/ml. Water-methanolic extract had the lowest inhibitory effect with IC50 and equal to 2334.01 µg/ml. The inhibitory percentage of acarbose was higher than other extracts (IC50=1158.40 µg/ml). Due to the inhibitory power of P. nigra extracts, they can be used in the future in the production of anti-diabetic drugs with minimal or no adverse side effects.

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