Explaining the Effect of the Physical Factors of the Atrium on the Thermal Performance and Ventilation of high Buildings in the Climate of Rasht City

Subject Areas : Architecture and urbanization

babak padasht ¹ , farzaneh asadi malekjahan ² , Seyedeh Mamak Salavatian ³

1 - Ph.D Candidate, Department of Architecture, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad university, Rasht, Iran
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad university, Rasht, Iran

Received: 2023-07-26 Accepted : 2023-11-25 Published : 2025-02-19

Keywords: Atrium, Energy Performance, Ventilation Performance, High-Rise Building, Climate of Rasht City,

Abstract :

Introduction: Atrium is one of the most important architectural elements affecting the energy performance and ventilation of the building. Despite the significant effects of atriums on natural ventilation, indoor thermal conditions and reducing energy consumption, there is not enough knowledge about the effect of different design parameters on the energy performance and ventilation of atriums. This research investigates the effect of the physical factors of the atrium on the thermal performance, lighting and ventilation of high-rise buildings in the climate of Rasht city.

Research Aim: The aim of the current research is to determine the physical resilience of rural settlements in Amlesh city against landslides.

Methodology: The main approach of the research method of this study is quantitative and uses the simulation method. The simulation reference building is a high-rise building with ten floors and a square plan with an open interior design, with a rectangular atrium exactly in the center of the building, defined so that the center of the atrium is located on the center of the building. The indicators of energy performance and ventilation performance including cooling demand, heating demand, total energy consumption, indoor air temperature and the number of air changes throughout the building are considered as dependent variables, and the variables of land dimensions, building form, window-to-wall ratio (WWR) and internal plan are fixed as a control variable. Considering the climate of Rasht, which is mild and humid, the need for ventilation is essential. For this purpose and due to checking the ventilation performance of the apartment, the windows have been evaluated with 50% opening. Also, the dimensions of the atrium, along with the orientation of the atrium, have been taken into consideration as independent variables.

Studied Area: The geographical territory of this research is the Rasht city.

Results: The findings show that, in general, the change in the physical factors of the atrium directly affects the thermal performance, lighting and ventilation of high-rise buildings in the climate of Rasht city. Also, the findings show that the variables of length, width, perimeter and area of the atrium in the reference model in the climate of Rasht city have a significant and direct relationship with the heating demand and ventilation volume and an inverse relationship with the lighting demand of the building. Also, based on the findings, in general, in the reference building in Rasht, the largest share of energy demand is related to cooling energy. The results showed that the cooling demand constitutes the largest amount of energy consumption, i.e. about 74% of the total energy consumption. Also, the heating demand is about 17% of the total energy consumption on average. While lighting energy defines the lowest amount of energy consumption, on average 9% of the total energy consumption.

Conclusion: According to the findings, it is concluded that the use of atriums in high-rise buildings in Rasht city is recommended only in situations where there is an urgent need to increase the lighting in the heart of the building; Otherwise, imposing the thermal load due to the presence of the atrium in the building is not economical. Also, if an atrium is necessary in the building, it is recommended to use double-glazed and triple-glazed windows to control thermal performance to a great extent. Also, based on the findings, it can be concluded that in an equal area, the use of a square atrium generally produces better results. Also, rectangular atriums with north-south orientation have a better response in terms of energy performance than other orientations in Rasht city.

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