Analysis of Facilitators to Villagers’ Participation in the Development of Rural Settlements (Case study: Chavarzagh and Darram Rural Districts in Tarom County)
Subject Areas : Urban and Regional Planning StudiesNaser Shafiei Sabet 1 , Masoud Anbarlou 2 , Ali Yosefi Taleghani 3
1 - Assistant Professor, Dep. of Human Geography, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Ph.D candidate in geography & rural planning, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Ph.D candidate in geography & rural planning, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
Keywords: Rural Development, empowerment, Facilitators to participation, Tarom County,
Abstract :
According to development experts, disregarding the empowerment and participation of villagers will create many challenges in the process of rural development. However, in many countries villagers’ participation has been neglected for various reasons. This study aimed to determine the role of facilitators to villagers’ participation in the process of development. In this descriptive- analytical study, 291 households from 18 rural settlements in Tarom area were selected by random sampling method. Indicators used to measure the level of development consisted of 111 indicators in four criteria including environmental, social, economic, and physical as dependent components. In addition, 76 indicators in six criteria including educating and informing, knowledge and information, socio-cultural, economic, physical, policymaking and decision-making, based on the characteristics of the study area, were measured as independent components. The findings showed that all six indicators of villagers’ empowerment and participation had a positive effect, but not properly, on the improvement of rural development. So, it is suggested to improve the villagers’ empowerment in order to their broader participation by improving the facilitators to villagers’ empowerment and participation such as educating and informing, knowledge and skills, and their involvement in decision-making and participation in social and economic activities.
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Van Ingen, E. (2008). Social Participation Revisited: Disentangling and Explaining Period. Life-Cycle and Cohort Effects, Acta Sociologica, 51 (2), 103-121.
Wang, X., Zhenrong, Yu., Steve Cinderdy, & John F., (2008). Enhancing participation: Experiences of participatory geographic information systems in Shanxi province, China, Applied Geography, 28 (2), 96-109.
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_||_Adam, F., & Borut, R., (2003). Social Capital: Recent Debates and Research Trends. Social science Information, 42, 155-183.
Amundsen, S., & Øyvind L. M., (2015). Linking Empowering Leadership to Job Satisfaction, Work Effort, and Creativity: The Role of Self-Leadership and Psychological Empowerment. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies August 1, 22 (3), 304-323.
Bagdi, G. L., & Kurothe, R. S. (2014). People’s participation in watershed management programmes: Evaluation study of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra in India. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 2, 57-66.
Bouzarjomehri, K.H., KHosrobeygi, R., & Taghiloo, A.A. )2012(. The Role of Public Participation in sustainable agriculture rural areas (Case Study: High Ijrud rural district villages, Ijrud city, Zanjan Province. Quarterly Rural research, 3 (3), 163-191. (In Persian)
Chambers, R. )2008(. Rural Development priority to the poor, Translation Mustafa Azkia, First Edition, Tehran: Tehran University Publications. (In Persian)
Ericson, Jenny A. (2006). a participatory approach to conservation in the cala kmul Biosphere Reserve Campeche. Mexico, Landscape urban planning, 74 (3), 242-266. www. Elsevier. com/locate/landurbplan.
Fernandez, S., & Moldogaziev, T. (2015). Employee Empowerment and Job Satisfaction in the U.S. Federal Bureaucracy: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective, the American Review of Public Administration July 1, 45 (4), 375-401.
Gülümser, A. A, Tüzin Baycan, L., Nijkamp, P., & Jacques, P. (2012). The role of local and newcomer entrepreneurs in rural development: A comparative meta-analytic study. Research Memorandum, 1, 1-54, Available At: http://dspace.ubvu.vu.nl/bitstrea [access date: [6/2013].
Hafeznia, M.R. )2009(. An introduction to the research method in Humanities. Second edition, Tehran: samt Publications. (In Persian)
Kalantari, kh. (2006). Processing and analysis of data in Socio-economic research Using the software spss. Tehran: second edition, Sharif publication. (In Persian)
Khosravipour, B., & Foroushani, N. )2011(. Women’s participation and sustainable rural development. Journal of Labor and Society, 132 & 133, 56-68. (In Persian)
Kothari, CR. (2009). Research Methodology, Method and Techniques (Second Revised Edition). New Age International publishers. New Delhi, pp. 1-401.
Le, Ho., & Phi, Kh. (2011). The Role of Social Capital to Access Rural Credit: A case study at Dinh Cu and Van Quat Dong village in coastal of Thua Thien Hue province- Vietnam, Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural sciences, Master Thesis, 56 (2), 1-84. http://stud.epsilon.slu.se/2543/1/Khanh_Ho_110502.
Mahmud, S., Nirali, M., Shah, & Stan Becker. (2011). Measurement of Womens empowerment in rural Bangladesh. World Development, 40 (3), 610-619.
Mansori, A. (2002). Tourism and Sustainable Development. Geography Teaching, 18 (63), 36-41. (In Persian)
Mitra, S., & Amit K. (2012). Assessing Empowerment through Generation of Social Capital. Journal of Business and Social Research, 2 (6), 72- 84.
Najafi kani, A.A., Mirza Ali, M. (2012). Review and assess the level of public participation and its role in rural development (Case study: Rural Soltanali city of Gonbad). Landscape Geogaraphy in Human Study, 7 (20), 118 - 137. (In Persian)
Primmer, E., & Simo, K. (2006). Goals for public participation implied by sustainable development, and the preparatory process of the Finnish National Forest Programme. Forest Policy and Economics, 8 (8), 838-853.
Rezvani, M.R. )2011(. Rural development planning in Iran. Fifth Edition, Tehran: Goomes Publications. (In Persian)
Rukn al-Din Eftekhari, A.R., Mahmoudi, S., Ghaffari, G.R., & Pourtaheri, M. (2015). Explained Model Space Social capital In Sustainable Rural Development Item: villages in Khorasan Razavi. Quarterly Journal of Economics Space and Rural Development, 4 (1), 87-107. (In Persian)
Rukn al-Din Eftekhari, A.R., Pourtaheri, M., Sadeqlo, T., & Sojasi Gheidari, H.A. (2010). Analysis of Impacts on participatory management of flood in rural areas (Case study of flood-hit villages Basin of Gorganrod in Golestan Province). Quarterly Rural research, 1 (2), 1-26. (In Persian)
Rossberger, R. J., & Diana E. K. (2015). Participative and team-oriented leadership styles, countries' education level, and national innovation: The mediating role of economic factors and national cultural practices. Cross-Cultural Research, 49 (1), 20-56.
Salehi, M. (2012). Public participation and its role in the project and development programs for sustainable rural development. Rural district Chendar, (Chendar District, city Savojbolagh). Master's Thesis, shahid Beheshti University, Tehran. (In Persian)
Saraiei, H. (1390). Introduction to sampling in research. Six editions, Samat publication, Tehran. (In Persian)
Shafiei Sabet, N., & Heratifard, S. (2015). The Impact of Cooperation of Tour Operators in Sustainability and Development of Local Settlements (Case study: Tehran and Alborz Regions). Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 4 (13), 93-119. (In Persian)
Sharma, P. N., & Bradley, L. K. (2015). Leveraging leaders: A literature review and future lines of inquiry for empowering leadership research. Group Organization Management, 40 (2), 193-237.
Snelgrove, John W., Hynek P., & Mai S. (2009). A Multi-Level Analysis of Social Capital and Self–rated Health: Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey. Social Science and Medicine, 68 (11), 1993-2001.
Taleb, M. (1995). A project for rural management. Quarterly Geographical Research, 39, 3-23. (In Persian)
Tzanakis, M. (2013). Social capital in Bourdieu’s, Coleman’s and Putnam’s theory: empirical evidence and emergent measurement issues. The Journal of Doctoral Research In education. 13 (2), 2-23.
Van Ingen, E. (2008). Social Participation Revisited: Disentangling and Explaining Period. Life-Cycle and Cohort Effects, Acta Sociologica, 51 (2), 103-121.
Wang, X., Zhenrong, Yu., Steve Cinderdy, & John F., (2008). Enhancing participation: Experiences of participatory geographic information systems in Shanxi province, China, Applied Geography, 28 (2), 96-109.
Waas, T., Hugé, J., Block, T., Wright, T., Benitez-Capistros, F., & Verbruggen, A. (2014). Sustainability assessment and indicators: Tools in a decision-making strategy for sustainable development. Sustainability, 6 (9), 5512-5534
Zhao, Jing., Kathleen A., James, G., Anderson, Sejin Ha., & Richard W. (2013). Trust, empathy, social identity, and contribution of knowledge within patient online communities. Behavior & Information Technology, 32 (10), 1041-1048.
