بررسی تأثیر عصاره اسطوخدوس در مقایسه با آنتی‌بیوتیک، بر عملکرد رشد، ریخت‌شناسی و جمعیت میکروبی روده، وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و کیفیت گوشت جوجه‌های گوشتی

Subject Areas : Camel

م. سالارمعینی ¹ , ا. سلاجقه ² , م.ح. سلاجقه ³ , م. افشارمنش ⁴

1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

Received: 2018-11-13 Accepted : 2019-03-16 Published : 2019-12-01

Keywords: جوجه گوشتی, اسطوخودوس, کیفیت گوشت, ریخت‌شناسی روده,

Abstract :

این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثرات عصاره اسطوخدوس (Lavandula angustifolia) به عنوان جایگزین آنتی‌بیوتیک فلاووفسفولیپول بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه، وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، کیفیت گوشت، ریخت‌شناسی و جمعیت میکروبی روده جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام شد. در مجموع 220 قطعه جوجه خروس گوشتی (راس 308) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با پنج تیمار و چهار تکرار (11 پرنده در هر تکرار) به مدت 42 روز مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. تیمارهای غذایی عبارت بودند از جیره پایه بدون هیچ افزودنی به عنوان گروه شاهد و جیره پایه حاوی فلاووفسفولیپول (100 قسمت در میلیون)، یا سه سطح عصاره اسطوخدوس (200، 300 یا 400 قسمت در میلیون). وزن بدن، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل در دوره‌های آغازین (1 تا 10 روز)، رشد (11 تا 24 روز) و پایانی( 25 تا 42 روز) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. شاخص‌های کیفیت گوشت و ریخت‌شناسی ژوژونوم در 42 روزگی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. علاوه بر این، در پایان دوره محتویات ایلئوم برای سویه‌های کلی‌فرم و لاکتوباسیلوس مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتنتایج این بررسی نشان داد استفاده از عصاره اسطوخدوس (در سطح 400 قسمت در میلیون) سبب افزایش مصرف خوراک درکل دوره و بخصوص دوره پایانی پرورش گردید. همچنین، افزایش وزن و ضریب تبدیل خوراک در دوره‌های رشد، پایانی و کل دوره بهبود یافت. هیچ تفاوت معنی‌داری در رابطه با خصوصیات لاشه و وزن نسبی اندام های داخلی (سینه، ران، کبد، قلب، سنگدان و چربی محوطه شکمی) بین تیمارها مشاهده نشد. استفاده از گیاه اسطوخودوس در همه سطوح، سبب کاهش معنی‌‌دار عمق کریپت و افزایش نسبت طول پرز به عمق کریپت در ژژونوم گردید. تعداد کلی‌فرم‌ها در محتویات گوارشی ایلئوم جوجه‌هایی که از 400 قسمت در میلیون عصاره اسطوخودوس استفاده کرده بودند به شکل معنی‌داری نسبت به دیگر تیمارها کاهش یافت. میزان اندیس تیوباربیتوریک اسید و افت ناشی از پخت و پز گوشت پرندگانی که از جیره حاوی 300 یا 400 قسمت در میلیون عصاره اسطوخدوس تغذیه کرده بودند به طور معنی‌داری کمتر از سایر تیمارها بود. در مجموع، نتایج این بررسی نشان داد عصاره اسطوخودوس، بخصوص در سطح 400 قسمت در میلیون، می‌تواند به عنوان یک جایگزین مؤثر برای آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های محرک رشد در جیره جوجه‌های گوشتی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

References:

Adaszyńska Skwirzyńska M. and Szczerbińska D. (2018a). The antimicrobial activity of lavender essential oil (Lavandula angustifolia) and its influence on the production performance of broiler chickens. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 102, 1020-1025.

Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska M. and Szczerbińska D. (2018b). The effect of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil as a drinking water supplement on the production performance, blood biochemical parameters, and ileal microflora in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 98, 358-365.

Akbarian A., Golian A., Gilani A., Kermanshahi H., Zhaleh S., Akhavan A., DeSmet S. and Michiels J. (2013). Effect of feeding citrus peel extracts on growth performance, serum components, and intestinal morphology of broilers exposed to high ambient temperature during the finisher phase. Livest. Sci. 157, 490-497.

Aviagen. (2007). Ross 308: Broiler Nutrition Specification.. Aviagen Ltd., Newbridge, United Kingdom.

Bampidis V.A., Christodoulou V., Florou-Paneri P., Christaki E., Chatzopoulou P.S., Tsiligianni T. and Spais A.B. (2005). Effect of dietary dried oregano leaves on growth performance, carcass characteristics and serum cholesterol of female early maturing turkeys. British Poult. Sci. 46, 595-601.

Benabdelkader T., Zitouni A., Guitton Y., Jullien F., Maitre D., Casabianca H., Legendre L. and Kameli A. (2011). Essential oils from wild populations of Algerian Lavandula stoechas, composition, chemical variability, and in vitro biological properties. Chem. Biodivers. 8, 937-953.

Botsoglou N.A., Florou-Paneri P., Christaki E., Fletouris D.J. and Spais A.B. (2002). Effect of dietary oregano essential oil on performance of chickens and on iron-induced lipid oxidation of breast, thigh and abdominal fat tissues. British Poult. Sci. 43, 223-230.

Brenes A. and Roura E. (2010). Essential oils in poultry nutrition: main effects and modes of action. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 158, 1-14.

Cabuk M., Alçiçek A., Bozkurt M. and Imre N. (2003). Antimicrobial properties of the essential oils isolated from aromatic plants and using possibility as alternative feed additives. II. Pp. 184-187 in Proc. 11^th Nat. Anim. Nutr. Congr., Konya, Turkey.

Christensen L.B. (2003). Drip loss sampling in porcine meat. Meat Sci. 63, 469-477.

Cross D.E., McDevitt R.M., Hillman K. and Agamovic T. (2007). The effect of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance, digestibilities and gut microflora in chicken to 28 days of age. British Poult. Sci. 4, 496-506.

Deng W., Dong X., Tong J. and Zhang Q. (2012). The probiotic Bacillus licheniformis ameliorates heat stress-induced impairment of egg production, gut morphology, and intestinal mucosal immunity in laying hens. Poult. Sci. 91, 575-582.

Dibner J.J. and Richards J.D. (2005). Antibiotic growth promoters in agriculture, history and mode of action. Poult. Sci. 84, 634-643.

Djenane D., Aïder M., Yangüela J., Idir L., Gómez D. and Roncalés P. (2012). Antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Lavandula and Mentha essential oils in minced beef inoculated with E. coli and S. aureus during storage at abuse refrigeration temperature. Meat Sci. 92, 667-674.

Engberg R.M., Hedemann M.S., Leser T.D. and Jensen B.B. (2000). Effect of zinc bacitracin and salinomycin on intestinal microflora and performance of broilers. Poult. Sci. 79, 1311-1319.

Ensoy U., Candogan K., Kolsarici N., Karslioglu B. and Cizmeci M. (2004). Influence of acetic acid and lactic acid treatment on lipid changes and color of chicken legs. Pp. 874-874 in Proc. 22^nd World's Poult. Congr. Istanbul, Turkey.

Fakhari A.R., Salehi P., Heydari R., Ebrahimi S.N. and Haddad P.R. (2005). Hydro-distillation-headspace solvent micro-extraction, a new method for analysis of the essential oil components of Lavandula angustifolia mill. J. Chromatogr. 1098, 14-18.

Garcia V., Catala-Gregori P., Hernandez F., Megias M.D. and Madrid J. (2007). Effect of formic acid and plant extracts on growth, nutrient digestibility, intestine mucosa morphology, and meat yield of broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 16, 555-562.

Giannenas I., Florou-paneri P., Botsoglou N., Christaki E., Spaisn A.B. (2005). Effect of supplementing feed with oregano and / or a-tocopheryl acetate on growth of broiler chickens and oxidative stability of meat. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 14, 521-535.

Giovannini D., Gismodni A., Basso A., Canuti L., Braglia R., Canini A., Mariani F. and Cappelli G. (2016). Lavandula angustifolia essential oil exerts antibacterial and anti-Inflammatory effect in macrophage mediated immune response to Staphylococcus aureus. Immunol. Invest. 45, 11-28.

Hamm R. (1960). Biochemistry of meat hydratation. Adv. Food Res. 10, 335-443.

Hammer K.A., Carson C.F. and Riley T.V. (1999). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. J. Appl. Microbiol. 86, 985-990.

Hashemi S.R. and Davoodi H. (2011). Herbal plants and their derivatives as growth and health promoters in animal nutrition. Vet. Res. 35, 169-180.

Hashemipour H., Kermanshahi H., Golian A. and, Veldkamp T. (2013). Effect of thymol and carvacrol feed supplementation on performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, fatty acid composition, digestive enzyme activities, and immune response in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 92, 2059-2069.

Hernandez F., Madrid J., Garcica V., Orengo J. and Megias M.D. (2004). Influence of two plant extract on broiler performance digestibility and digestive organ size. Poult. Sci. 85, 169-174.

Hong J.C., Steiner T., Aufy A. and Lien T.F. (2012). Effects of supplemental essential oil on growth performance, lipid metabolites, immunity, intestinal characteristics, microbiota and carcass traits in broilers. Livest. Sci. 144, 253-262.

Hui L., He L., Huan L., XiaoLan L. and Ai-Guo Z. (2010). Chemical composition of lavender essential oil and its antioxidant activity and inhibition against rhinitis related bacteria. African J. Microbiol. Res. 4, 309-313.

Hussein A.S. (1995). Effect of dietary energy and vitamin C growth performance of broiler chicks raised in hot climates. Poult. Sci. 74, 150-151.

ISO 3515. (2002). Oil of Lavender(Lavandula angustifolia). Distributed through American National Standards Institute, Geneva, Switzerland.

Jalali-Heravi M., Moazeni-Pourasil R.S. and Sereshti H. (2015). Elimination of chromatographic and mass spectrometric problems in GC–MS analysis of lavender essential oil by multivariate curve resolution techniques: Improving the peak purity assessment by variable size moving window-evolving factor analysis. J. Chromatogr. 984, 83-89.

Jamroz D., Wertelecki T., Houszka M. and Kamel C. (2006). Influence of diet type on the inclusion of plant origin active substances on morphological and histochemical characteristics of the stomach and jejunum walls in chicken. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 90, 255-268.

Kamali H., Amini N. and Nematollahi A. (2014). Optimization of variables for pressurized fluid extraction of essential oil from Lavandula angustifolia using Box-Behnken design. Int. J. Chem. Technol. Res. 6, 4844-4852.

Khattak F., Ronchi A., Castelli P. and Sparks N. (2014). Effects of natural blend of essential oil on growth performance, blood biochemistry, cecal morphology, and carcass quality of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 93, 132-137.

Kim N.S. and Lee D.D. (2002). Comparison of different extraction method for the analysis of fragrance from Lavandula species by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. 982, 31-47.

Kirkpinar F., Bora Unlu H. and Ozdemir G. (2010). Effects of oregano and garlic essential oils on performance, carcass, organ and blood characteristics and intestinal microflora of broilers. Livest. Sci. 137, 219-225.

Kucukyilmaz K., Kiyma Z., Akdag A., Cetinkaya M., Atalay H., Ates A., Gursel F.E. and Bozkurt M. (2017). Effect of lavender (Lavandula stoechas) essential oil on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and antioxidant status of broilers. South African J. Anim. Sci. 47(2), 178-186.

Lauren A.E. and Soheil S.M. (2015). Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor, and Safety. Academic Press, Cambridge, United States.

Lodhia M.H., Bhatt K.R. and Thaker V.S. (2009). Antibacterial activity of essential oils from palmarosa, evening primrose, lavender, and tuberose. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 71, 134-136.

Mokhtari S., Rahati M., Seidavi A., Haq Q.M.I., Kadim I., Laudadio V. and Tufarelli V. (2018). Effects of feed supplementation with lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essence on growth performance, carcass traits, blood constituents and caecal microbiota of broiler chickens. European Poult. 82, 1-11.

Nasiri-Moghaddam H., Hassanabadi A. and Bidar N. (2012). Effects of increasing levels of lavender essential oil (Lavandula angustifolia) on performance and hematological traits of broilers. Iranian J. Anim. Sci. Res. 4, 115-121.

Pelicano E.R.L., Souza P.A., De Souza H.B.A., Oba A., Norkus E.A., Kodawara L.M. and Lima T.M.A. (2003). Effect of different probiotics on broiler carcass and meat quality. Brazilian J. Poult. Sci. 5, 207-214.

Prusinowska R. and ´Smigielski K. (2014). Composition, biological properties and therapeutic effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia): A review. Herba Polonica. 2, 56-66.

Rabiei Z., Rafieian-Kopaei M., Mokhtari S. and Shahrani M. (2014). Effect of dietary ethanolic extract of Lavandula officinalis on serum lipids profile in rats. Iranian J. Pharm. Res. 13(4), 1295-1301.

Ranjbar K., Khatibjoo A., Neamati M. and Fattahnia F. (2014). Effects of vitamin C, echium amoenum, and lavender extract on blood metabolite and meat quality of broiler chickens under transport stress. Glob. J. Anim. Sci. Res. 2(2), 159-169.

Reisinger N., Steiner T., Nitsch S., Schatzmayr G. and Applegate T.J. (2011). Effects of a blend of essential oils on broiler performance and intestinal morphology during coccidial vaccine exposure. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 20, 272-283.

Renaud E.N.C., Charles D.J. and Simon J.E. (2001). Essential oil quantity and composition from 10 cultivars of organically grown lavender and lavandin. J. Essential Oil Res. 13, 269-273.

Ryder A.A., Feddes J.J.R. and Zuidhof M.J. (2004). Field study to relate heat stress index to broiler performance. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 13, 493-499.

Salajegheh A., Salarmoini M., Afsharmanesh M. and Salajegheh M.H. (2018). Growth performance, intestinal microflora, and meat quality of broiler chickens fed lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) powder. J. Livest. Sci. Technol. 6(1), 31-38.

SAS Institute. (2005). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.4. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Spernakova D., Mate D., Rozanska H. and Kovac G. (2007). Effects of dietary rosemary extract and tocopherol on the performance of chickens, meat quality, and lipid oxidation in meat storage under chilling conditions. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy. 51, 585-589.

Tarladgis B.G., Watts B.M. and Younathan D.M.T. (1960). A distillation method for the quantitative determination of malonaldehyde in rancid foods. J. American Oil Chem. Soc. 37, 44-48.

Thompson K.L. and Applegate T.J. (2006). Feed withdrawal alters small intestinal morphology and mucus of broilers. Poult. Sci. 85, 1535-1540.

Windisch W., Schedle K., Plitzner C. and Kroismayr A. (2008). Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. J. Anim. Sci. 86, 140-148.