فهرس المقالات foreign language learning

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  1 - The Role of Intelligence in Learning English as a Foreign Language
  Mousa Ghonchepour Mahdiye Pakzad Moghaddam
  10.30486/relp.2018.538757
  This study aimed to investigate the relationship between intelligence and learning English ingeneral, and learning grammar and reading comprehension in particular. Participants wereteenage Iranian learners from Kerman high schools in second grade. The tests wereadminist أکثر

  This study aimed to investigate the relationship between intelligence and learning English ingeneral, and learning grammar and reading comprehension in particular. Participants wereteenage Iranian learners from Kerman high schools in second grade. The tests wereadministered at the end of the year to two mixed classes of 60 learners whose ages ranged from15 to 19. Standardized tests were employed to assess learners' performance in readingcomprehension, grammar and intelligence (both verbal and nonverbal). The correlation betweenthe two variables was determined through Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient.Results of the investigation showed that unlike first language acquisition, there was a positivecorrelation between verbal and nonverbal intelligence and learners' English languagedevelopment. Data analysis showed that the relationship between intelligence scores and thoseof comprehension and grammar scores was significant across all the groups. The results of thisresearch prove that intelligence is one of the important factors in acquisition of English as aforeign language, but it is not the only factor. تفاصيل المقالة
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  2 - Foreign Language Learning Boredom among High School EFL Students of Zahedan: Its Relationship with Foreign Language Learning Enjoyment, and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety
  Saher Ashrafinia Mahdiya Afrashteh Nahid Afrashteh
  10.30495/jntell.2023.1981206.1051
  This study aimed to investigate the relationship between three foreign language learning emotions: foreign language learning enjoyment, foreign language classroom anxiety, and foreign language learning boredom among high school EFL students in Zahedan, Sistan and Baluch أکثر

  This study aimed to investigate the relationship between three foreign language learning emotions: foreign language learning enjoyment, foreign language classroom anxiety, and foreign language learning boredom among high school EFL students in Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan Province. In this research 200 male and female EFL learners were selected as participants The sampling was done through convenience sampling. Three research instruments were used as a questionnaire named short-form foreign language classroom anxiety scale, foreign language enjoyment scale and foreign language learning boredom scale. In order to find the relationship between the defined variables, multiple correlation was conducted. The findings revealed that the relationship between foreign language enjoyment and foreign language boredom was negatively significant. Furthermore, the relationship between foreign language anxiety and foreign language boredom was positively significant. Additionally, foreign language enjoyment and foreign language anxiety had a negative relationship. The obtained results bear implications for education in general and EFL instruction in particular. تفاصيل المقالة
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  3 - The Relationship between Frequency of Oral Corrective Feedback and Identity Processing Style among Iranian EFL Teachers
  Emad Omidpour Mohammad Bavali
  is believed that identity has great[s1]impact on almost every aspect of human psychological and social growth. Oral corrective feedback, on the other hand, is found to have a profound influence on learning. In this regard, this study attempted to examine any probable re أکثر

  is believed that identity has great[s1]impact on almost every aspect of human psychological and social growth. Oral corrective feedback, on the other hand, is found to have a profound influence on learning. In this regard, this study attempted to examine any probable relationship between identity processing styles and the frequency of oral corrective feedback techniques. The participants included eight male Iranian EFL teachers. To identify participants’ choice of oral corrective strategies and their frequencies, their intermediate classes were observed for four sessions. To arrive at participants’ identity processing styles, Informational, Normative, and Diffuse-Avoidant, the identity style inventory (ISI-5) by Berzonsky was employed. Since all participants obtained highest score for the Informational style, they were grouped based on their second highest score.The findings underline that there is a positive relationship between Normative identity processing style and frequency of oral corrective feedback techniques used by the teachers. Normative styles were found to be more likely to use oral corrective feedback techniques more frequently. Those with higher Diffuse-Avoidant style score seemed to use a limited number and fewer types of oral corrective feedback techniques. With respect to the results, this study offers the use of identity surveys in EFL educational systems in order to help language institutions approach problems regarding teachers’ performance in the field of oral corrective feedback in a more precise and personalized way which matches each teacher’s needs. [s1] تفاصيل المقالة
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  4 - Inductive vs. Deductive Grammar Instruction and the Grammatical Performance of EFL Learners
  فاطمه بهجت
  Learning a foreign language offers a great challenge to students since it involves learning different skills and subskills. Quite a few number of researches have been done so far on the relationship between gender and learning a foreign language. On the other hand, two أکثر

  Learning a foreign language offers a great challenge to students since it involves learning different skills and subskills. Quite a few number of researches have been done so far on the relationship between gender and learning a foreign language. On the other hand, two major approaches in teaching grammar have been offered by language experts, inductive and deductive. The present study examines which method of teaching grammar is more fruitful for Iranian male and female students. For this purpose, 150 freshman students, 110 females and 40 males, majoring in English were selected from all available students at Abadeh and Shiraz Azad universities. All the subjects took the NTC's grammar test prior to the instruction as pre-test. Then, they were divided into two groups and were taught grammar inductively and deductively in each group for one semester. At the end of the instruction, the same test was taken as post-test. The comparison between the students' pre and post-test indicated that there was a significant improvement in their knowledge of grammar. By the way, through a two-way ANOVA, it was found out that males learned grammar better when they were taught inductively and females showed a better performance when they were taught deductively. تفاصيل المقالة
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  5 - E-Tools to Assist EFL Learners' Writing Skill: Wikis, Weblogs, and Podcasts
  فاطمه بهجت مرتضی یمینی
  One of the promises of web-based education is to help students take control of their learning pace as the basic requirement of language learning is being life-long. The purpose of the present study was to find out which of the e-tools -- weblogs, wikis, or podcasts -- c أکثر

  One of the promises of web-based education is to help students take control of their learning pace as the basic requirement of language learning is being life-long. The purpose of the present study was to find out which of the e-tools -- weblogs, wikis, or podcasts -- can better help EFL learners excel in their writing skill. To this end, 156 Iranian sophomore students majoring in English and studying at Islamic Azad University, Abadeh and Shiraz Branches and the Zand Institute of Higher Education were selected based on random sampling as participants. As the design of the study was a pre-experimental one, there were three experimental groups involved but no control group. Before the instruction, the participants were given an essay writing test, whose results were used to divide them into three groups. Two of the groups received in-class instruction and were assigned out-of-class activities through weblogs and wikis. The third group received the instruction through podcasts. The treatment lasted for two and a half months and at the end, another essay writing test was given to all groups. A two-way ANOVA for the comparison of the participants' gain scores indicated that using the tools available on the Internet could lead to improvement in the EFL students writing abilities, and gender was not a determining factor. The study reveals the fact that web tools, in general, and blogs, wikis, and podcasts, in particular, can foster EFL students’ writing skills and teachers can use them as supplements in their language instruction. تفاصيل المقالة
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  6 - The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Students` Academic Achievements in General EFL Classes
  سپیده برنجی
  Emotional Intelligence, the ability to be aware of, understand, and express oneself, the ability to be aware of, understand, and relate to others, the ability to deal with strong emotions, and the ability to adapt to change and solve problems of a social or personal nat أکثر

  Emotional Intelligence, the ability to be aware of, understand, and express oneself, the ability to be aware of, understand, and relate to others, the ability to deal with strong emotions, and the ability to adapt to change and solve problems of a social or personal nature, can be considered an important factor in learning a language as it enhances the verbal fluency which is the ultimate goal in FLL. The present study intended to consider the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic performance in Osku-Iran Islamic Azad University`s EFL classes. For this purpose, 110 undergraduate EFL sophomore and junior students participated in this study. First, in the middle of the term they were required to complete Bar-On (1997) Emotional Intelligence Inventory and their EI scores were computed based on the guidelines Bar-On (1997) provided. At the end of the term the academic course final exam was administered to the students to achieve their academic mean score which was computed out of 20. After that the degree of correlation between EI and academic mean score was found. It became evident that there is no meaningful relationship between total EI score and academic mean score but there is a meaningful and positive relationship between some sub-scales of emotional intelligence and academic mean score. Therefore, material developers and syllabus designers are required to take emotional factors into account when they want to design syllabuses or make materials ready for teaching. تفاصيل المقالة
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  7 - The Interplay between Young Learners' Sense of Self-Efficacy in Reading Comprehension and English Language Proficiency
  Hamed Barjesteh Mehdi Manoochehrzadeh Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini
  This study intended to explore the interplay between young language learners' sense of self-efficacy regarding reading comprehension in their reading test performance associated with learning English among universities. To undertake the study, a purposive sampling metho أکثر

  This study intended to explore the interplay between young language learners' sense of self-efficacy regarding reading comprehension in their reading test performance associated with learning English among universities. To undertake the study, a purposive sampling method was adopted. A total of 60 freshmen undergraduate learners of English consented to participate in this study. A self-efficacy questionnaire was employed to collect to young learners' beliefs in their own reading capabilities with a hope to explore the effects of high and low self-efficacy on reading proficiency. Accordingly, students’ reading proficiency was examined based on their performance to the reading comprehension test adopted from a paper-based Longman TOEFL. The findings revealed that there was a direct and significant relationship between the learners' self-efficacy beliefs about learning and their language proficiency. The result attested that students with high self–efficacy are more proficient in their language learning as compared with those of low self-efficacy. EFL teachers and students as well materials developers’ can take the advantage of the findings. Theoretical and pedagogical implications for foreign language learning and teaching are also discussed. تفاصيل المقالة
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  8 - The Impact of Positive Psychology-Based Instruction on EFL Learners’ Perceived Use of Anxiety Reducing Strategies
  Alireza Bekhrad Behdokht  Mall-Amiri Nasim Shangarffam
  This study intended to unveil the impact of incorporation of positive psychology theory into English instructions on the preference for anxiety-reducing strategies among Iranian EFL learners. The participants consisted of 60 EFL learners, from Safir Institute, Tehran, I أکثر

  This study intended to unveil the impact of incorporation of positive psychology theory into English instructions on the preference for anxiety-reducing strategies among Iranian EFL learners. The participants consisted of 60 EFL learners, from Safir Institute, Tehran, Iran, at the intermediate level, who were selected out of 90 EFL learners selected on convenience sampling basis. The 60 learners selected on the basis of their scores from an Oxford Placement Test (OPT), given to the 90 learners, were split into two equal 30-member groups. Both groups were given the language anxiety reducing strategies (LARS) questionnaire as pretest. Then, positive psychology-based instructions were provided to the experimental group drawing on five types of positive psychology-based instruction techniques for 20 sessions. These five instruction techniques included gratitude, optimistic intervention, positive affirmations, savouring, and strength-building measures. The control group received no intervention concerning positive psychology, and learners followed the conventional syllabus of the language school. After the treatment, the two groups took the LARS questionnaire as post-test. The results of ANCOVA indicated that teaching positive psychology techniques significantly increased anxiety-reducing strategies preference among Iranian EFL learners. تفاصيل المقالة
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  9 - Phonological Awareness Impact on Articulatory Accuracy of the Spanish Liquid [r] in Japanese FL Learners of Spanish
  Oscar Campos
  Foreign language learners tend to avoid phonological difficulties and simply transfer sounds whether from their L1 or any pre-existing L2. Phonological awareness (PA) gives students an active role in understanding their own potential in improving pronunciation through s أکثر

  Foreign language learners tend to avoid phonological difficulties and simply transfer sounds whether from their L1 or any pre-existing L2. Phonological awareness (PA) gives students an active role in understanding their own potential in improving pronunciation through several methods. However, such methods are likely to be restricted to only passive learning methods, such as repetition, reading and lectures. In this study, 118 Japanese students of Spanish were tested in their articulation ability of the Spanish liquid [r] segment; the students were divided into two groups: the control group (GA), composed by 59 students, which did not undergo any special PA training, and the PA trained group (GB), composed as well by 59 students, which underwent only one PA intervention. The articulatory accuracy rate of GA for such segment after their first year of language acquisition was 27.16, while for GB it was 72.54 after the PA intervention. The improvement of GB after the PA intervention was highly significant in regard to the learners’ phonological accuracy (p < 0.001) تفاصيل المقالة
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  10 - Cultural Motivation and Its Impact on Foreign Language Learning in Globalizing World
  Shiva Azadipour
  The study aims at focusing on the relationship between motivation, culture, and success in foreign language learning in globalizing world. Many studies have been done to examine the relationship between them. The studies showed that culture can play a motivating role in أکثر

  The study aims at focusing on the relationship between motivation, culture, and success in foreign language learning in globalizing world. Many studies have been done to examine the relationship between them. The studies showed that culture can play a motivating role in language learning success. Considering Gardner's instrumental and integrative motivation, a learner with a high degree of integrative motivation is likely to make more efforts to form bonds with people of the target culture. To conduct the survey 48 students of Ardestan Azad University were chosen. Some activities and techniques were taken to promote their multicultural competence. In the first session a brief explanation was given to the students along with some questionnaires regarding cultural issues to answer. During 16 weeks of the semester students were taught and monitored through class discussions, essay writings etc. The goal of the activities was to encourage and estimate their respect, tolerance and empathy to people of different cultures. In the last session a questionnaire designed by the researcher was used to collect data. It was composed of three sections: 1) 11 statements about cultural issues to be rated with a likert scale of agreement (based on the Bennett's intercultural communicative model). 2) 10 rating questions (considering Byram& Risager's multidimensional model of ICC). 3) 5 open questions about their belief and behavior to elaborate on. The results showed that respect for others, adaptation and integration with people of target culture were the highest rated among others. An unexpected result was that there was no significant relationship between students' lesson scores and their attitude toward foreign language culture. This can be justified by globalization process by which "people of the world are incorporated into a single world society, global society". Therefore learners who belong to a global English-speaking culture are ready to suspend disbelief about others and adopt new cultural aspects while respecting and maintaining their own culture. تفاصيل المقالة
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  11 - Foreign Language Anxiety and Willingness to Communicate: High Level vs. Low Level Iranian EFL Learners
  Yahya Ghelichli
  Communication with others is said to be the ultimate goal of language learning. Language learners, however, may sometimes feel so anxious that they are not willing to communicate. The present study thus aimed at probing the relationship between Foreign Language Anxiety أکثر

  Communication with others is said to be the ultimate goal of language learning. Language learners, however, may sometimes feel so anxious that they are not willing to communicate. The present study thus aimed at probing the relationship between Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) and Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in the EFL classroom. Besides, FLA and WTC of high level vs. low level language learners were compared. The participants, 30 high- and 30 low-intermediate EFL learners from the Iran language institute (ILI) in Gorgan, Iran, were given two questionnaires: Willingness to Communicate Questionnaire (MacIntyre, Baker, Clément, & Conrod, 2001), and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) ( Horwitz, Horwitz, & Cope,1986) The results showed no significant relationship between FLA and WTC in the classroom. They also indicated that high level and low level language learners did not differ significantly in terms of FLA and WTC. Finally, it was concluded that two important factors affecting such results could be the age and the number of the participants. تفاصيل المقالة
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  12 - The Relationship between Intelligence and Foreign Language Learning, and the Role of Practice
  Masoomeh Salehi Firooz Sadighi
  This study investigates the relationship between intelligence and foreign language learning in general, and the learning of vocabulary and grammar in particular. It also investigates the effect of extra practice on foreign language learning on learners with equal intell أکثر

  This study investigates the relationship between intelligence and foreign language learning in general, and the learning of vocabulary and grammar in particular. It also investigates the effect of extra practice on foreign language learning on learners with equal intelligence. The participants were 182 high school students at grades two and three. They were given Raven’s Progressive Matrices, which is a test of general intelligence, and an achievement test of English based on their EFL textbook at school. The English test consisted of two subparts: vocabulary and grammar. Correlation coefficient was run on intelligence test scores and English test scores. The results showed a weak positive relationship between intelligence and foreign language learning, and learning of vocabulary and grammar. For investigating the effect of practice, some students who attended English classes and some of those who didn’t were chosen in a way that their mean intelligence score was equal. Then their mean English test score was calculated. The mean English test score of the students who attended English classes was significantly higher than those who didn’t. These results suggest that intelligence affects foreign language learning, but extra practice can offset the effect of intelligence. تفاصيل المقالة
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  13 - ارتباط به‎کارگیری راهبردهای یادگیری و سطح مهارت فراگیران زبان انگلیسی به‎عنوان یک زبان خارجی
  مجتبی محمدی
  چکیده: هدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی ارتباط به‎کارگیری راهبردهای یادگیری در فرآیند یادگیری زبان انگلیسی و مهارت زبانی آنها در میان دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی می‎باشد. این گروه شامل 189 دانشجوی سال اول زبان انگلیسی بوده که به روش نمونه‎گیری تصادفی گروهی از میان 368 دا أکثر

  چکیده: هدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی ارتباط به‎کارگیری راهبردهای یادگیری در فرآیند یادگیری زبان انگلیسی و مهارت زبانی آنها در میان دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی می‎باشد. این گروه شامل 189 دانشجوی سال اول زبان انگلیسی بوده که به روش نمونه‎گیری تصادفی گروهی از میان 368 دانشجوی سال اول زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی رودهن انتخاب شده‌اند. در این تحقیق از پرسش‎نامه راهبردهای یادگیری زبان آکسفورد (SILL) و نسخه آزمون سنجش بسندگی زبان انگلیسی تافل ETS)) سال 2003 استفاده شده است. یافته‌های این تحقیق نمایانگر وجود همبستگی میان به‎کارگیری راهبردهای یادگیری و سطح مهارت زبان انگلیسی این دانشجویان می‎باشد. علاوه بر این، تفاوت قابل ملاحظه‌ای بین دانشجویان دختر و پسر در به‎کارگیری راهبردهای یادگیری و سطح مهارت آنها مشاهده نشده است. تفاصيل المقالة
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  14 - Stage-Like Development of Morpho-Syntactic Structure of Do-S-V (O) in Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing and Speaking: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
  Mahin Sadat Tabatabaee
  Processability Theory (PT) is a theory of second language acquisition (SLA) developed to explain developmental sequences in SLA as well as some other phenomena. Within the framework of Processability Theory (PT) and through analyzing the written performance of Iranian أکثر

  Processability Theory (PT) is a theory of second language acquisition (SLA) developed to explain developmental sequences in SLA as well as some other phenomena. Within the framework of Processability Theory (PT) and through analyzing the written performance of Iranian EFL learners, the present research focused on the acquisition of the morpho-syntactic structures of “do- s- v (o)” across five proficiency levels, from elementary to advanced and compared it with the stage-like development model of morpho-syntactic structures proposed by Pienemann (2005a). The study followed a mixed method design and the data were collected from 350 participants in five different proficiency levels from elementary, pre-intermediate, intermediate, upper-intermediate and advanced; furthermore, 45 pre-intermediate to advanced students were interviewed. The participants were asked to provide samples of their written performance on different tasks such as introduction task, habitual action task, story retelling task, picture description task, composition, and communication task; furthermore, they were interviewed on the same topics. The data in this research were analyzed both qualitatively, in order to identify and classify the type and order of the morpho-syntactic structures, and quantitatively by calculating mean scores. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that “do-subject- verb was concordant with Pienemann’s (2005a) model. This finding implies that PT is valid for Iranian EFL learners, considerably. The findings of this research can be of benefit for language teachers, learners, and syllabus designers. تفاصيل المقالة