Pollination

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1 - تاثیرحشرات گرده‌افشان بر میزان تشکیل میوه سیب رقم گلاب در منطقه شیراز
راضیه ظل‌انوار مصطفی حقانی علیرضا منفرد محمدجواد کرمی

این تحقیق به منظور بررسی نقش زنبورعسل و سایر حشرات گرده افشان در تشکیل میوه و تعیین درصد دگرگشنی باغ های سیب گلاب در دو باغ در شیراز (مناطق جوادیه و قدوسی شیراز) در فاصله زمانی اواخر زمستان 1387 تا اواخر تابستان 1388 اجرا شد. باغ شماره 1 فاقد کندوی زنبورعسل بود و در تیم أکثر

این تحقیق به منظور بررسی نقش زنبورعسل و سایر حشرات گرده افشان در تشکیل میوه و تعیین درصد دگرگشنی باغ های سیب گلاب در دو باغ در شیراز (مناطق جوادیه و قدوسی شیراز) در فاصله زمانی اواخر زمستان 1387 تا اواخر تابستان 1388 اجرا شد. باغ شماره 1 فاقد کندوی زنبورعسل بود و در تیمار a، تعداد 24 شاخه دارای گل آذین مشابه با تعداد گل یکسان انتخاب و در داخل توری قرار داده شد. در زمان گلدهی تعداد سه عدد زنبورعسل کارگر در داخل توری ها قرار داده شد. در تیمار b، برای ممانعت از حضور حشرات، گل ها با پاکت های کاغذی مخصوص پوشانده شدند. در تیمار شاهد، گل های شاخه های انتخاب شده بدون هرگونه پوششی بودند. در باغ شماره 2، در زمان گلدهی دو کندوی زنبورعسل در باغ قرار داده شد. در تیمار a برای جلوگیری از هر گونه گرده افشانی توسط حشرات، تعداد 24 شاخه گل با پاکت های کاغذی مخصوصی پوشانده شدند. در تیمار شاهد، گل ها در معرض زنبورهای عسل قرار داشتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که در باغ شماره 1 اثر تیمارها بر درصد تشکیل میوه معنی دار بود و میانگین تیمار a (استفاده از پوشش تور) با تبدیل 54% گل ها به میوه در کلاس "a" و تیمارهای b و شاهد به ترتیب با 2/7% و 4/20% در کلاس"c" و "b" قرار گرفتند. در باغ شماره 2 نیز 51% گل‌های شاهد و 6/1% گل‌های تیمار پوشاندن گل ها با پاکت کاغذی به میوه تبدیل شدند. در نهایت ضرورت استفاده از زنبورعسل در مدیریت باغات سیب گلاب تایید شد. تفاصيل المقالة

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2 - عوامل قبل از برداشت مؤثر در حفظ کیفیت میوه کیوی طی انبارداری
محمد علی شیری

10.30495/qafj.2023.1976832.1052

میوه کیوی رقم هایوارد به دلیل داشتن مقادیر زیادی ویتامین ث، ترکیبات ‌فنلی‌، مواد معدنی و اسیدهای آلی از ارزش غذایی بالایی برخوردار بوده و همین امر باعث افزایش چشم‌گیر مصرف آن در سال‌های اخیر شده است. کیفیت میوه هم در زمان برداشت و هم در طول انبارداری کیوی به مجموعه‌ای ا أکثر

میوه کیوی رقم هایوارد به دلیل داشتن مقادیر زیادی ویتامین ث، ترکیبات ‌فنلی‌، مواد معدنی و اسیدهای آلی از ارزش غذایی بالایی برخوردار بوده و همین امر باعث افزایش چشم‌گیر مصرف آن در سال‌های اخیر شده است. کیفیت میوه هم در زمان برداشت و هم در طول انبارداری کیوی به مجموعه‌ای از عوامل مرتبط با کاشت، داشت و برداشت و همچنین عوامل پس از برداشت بستگی دارد. از جمله مهم‌ترین عواملی که در طی فصل رشدی بر کیفیت و همچنین انبارمانی میوه کیوی تأثیرگذارند می‌توان به نوع رقم، تغذیه مناسب درختان، گرده‌افشانی کامل گل‌ها، مدیریت تاج درخت، هرس تابستانه، درجه بلوغ و رسیدگی و میزان ماده خشک میوه اشاره کرد. کنترل تک تک این عوامل با در نظر گرفتن اثرات برهمکنشی آن‌ها نه تنها می‌تواند کیفیت میوه را نیز به طور مؤثر و مفیدی تحت تأثیر قرار دهد، بلکه باعث افزایش ماندگاری میوه کیوی نیز می‌گرددافزایش ماندگاری میوه کیوی نیز می‌گردد تفاصيل المقالة

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3 - An Improved Flower Pollination Algorithm with AdaBoost Algorithm for Feature Selection in Text Documents Classification
Hiwa Majidpour Farhad Soleimanian Gharehchopogh

In recent years, production of text documents has seen an exponential growth, which is the reason why their proper classification seems necessary for better access. One of the main problems of classifying text documents is working in high-dimensional feature space. Feat أکثر

In recent years, production of text documents has seen an exponential growth, which is the reason why their proper classification seems necessary for better access. One of the main problems of classifying text documents is working in high-dimensional feature space. Feature Selection (FS) is one of the ways to reduce the number of text attributes. So, working with a great bulk of the feature space without FS increases the computational cost which is a function of the length of the vector, and also, it helps to remove irrelevant attributes. The general approach in this paper combines the hybrid of Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) with Ada-Boost algorithm. The FPA is used for FS and the Ada-Boost is used for classification of text documents. Tests were conducted on Reuters-21578, WEBKB and CADE 12 datasets. The results show that the hybrid model has higher detection accuracy in FS compared with Ada-Boost algorithm with model. And comparisons are indicative of higher detection accuracy of the proposed model compared with KNN-K-Means, NB-K-Means and learning models. تفاصيل المقالة

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4 - Effects of Phenylphthalamic Acid and Perfect Fertilizer on Vegetative and Reproductive Growth of Ornamental Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Samane Zahiri Barsari Davood Hashemabadi Fatemeh Zaredost

The impact of phenylphthalamic acid (PPA) rates including 0 (PPA0), 1000 (PPA1000), 2000 (PPA2000) or 3000 (PPA3000) mgL-1 and perfect fertilizer rates including 0 (PF0), 100 (PF100), 200 (PF200) and 300 (PF300) mgL-1 was studied on vegetative and reproductive growth of أکثر

The impact of phenylphthalamic acid (PPA) rates including 0 (PPA0), 1000 (PPA1000), 2000 (PPA2000) or 3000 (PPA3000) mgL-1 and perfect fertilizer rates including 0 (PF0), 100 (PF100), 200 (PF200) and 300 (PF300) mgL-1 was studied on vegetative and reproductive growth of ornamental pepper plants. To realize this, a factorial experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. It was found that the interaction between ‘PPA × PF’ improved the measured traits; so that the shortest time to flower initiation (55.40 day), the shortest time to fruit set (62.93 day) and the highest fruit number (98.12 fruit) were related to the application of ‘PPA2000 × PF200’. Plants treated with ‘PPA2000 × PF300’ exhibited the most number of flowers (117.36), number of flowering stems (7.4), diameter of flowering stem (3.7 mm), plant height (45.83 cm), fruit fresh weight (6.71 g), fruit dry weight (3.79 g), plant fresh weight (21.96 g) and plant dry weight (15.17 g). Also, this treatment exhibited the highest fruit anthocyanin content and total chlorophyll. Conclusively, the application of ‘PPA2000×PF200’ is recommended because of the lower consumption of perfect fertilizer and the greater effect on traits having a beautiful and economic value for ornamental peppers. تفاصيل المقالة

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5 - Canonical Correlation Analysis for Determination of Relationship between Morphological and Physiological Pollinated Characteristics in Five Varieties of Phalaenopsis
Fatemeh Bidarnamani Seyed Najmmaddin Mortazavi Maryam Rahimi

Phalaenopsis is an important genus of orchids that is grown for economical production of cut flower and potted plants. The objective of this study is the evaluation of correlation between morphological and physiological traits of self and cross-pollination of 5 varietie أکثر

Phalaenopsis is an important genus of orchids that is grown for economical production of cut flower and potted plants. The objective of this study is the evaluation of correlation between morphological and physiological traits of self and cross-pollination of 5 varieties of Phalaenopsis orchid. Some morphological traits were measured: Capsule length (CL), capsule volume (CV), weight of seeds in capsule (WSC), full weight of capsule (FWC) and empty weight of capsule (EWC) and physiological traits: Time to first pollination symptom (TPS), time to capsule swelling (TCS) and capsule ripening (CR). The results showed that correlation (canonical r) was 0.91 in first pair canonical variables; second and third pair canonical variables had correlation 0.68 and 0.30, respectively. The first canonical variable in physiological traits revealed 66.1% variation of physiological variables. Special values were 0.820, 1.388 and 4.850 for Wilks' Lambda, Pillai's Trace and Roy's Greatest Root, respectively. Canonical correlation was significant for physiological and morphological characteristics in all statistical tests. The first canonical variables in physiological characteristics had positive correlation with TCS and TPS, so it was resulted that if TCS was fewer, TPS and CR characteristics were fewer. In pollinated varieties, the lowest TCS belonged to Nottingham× Nottingham and Bucharest × Nottingham; and the most CR belonged to Dubrovnik× Dubrovnik and Memphis× Dubrovnik of pollination states; Therefore, it can be concluded that white and yellow female parent require fewer and more days for capsule swelling respectively. تفاصيل المقالة

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6 - Pollen Germinability and Cross-Pollination Success in Persian Cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum Mill.)
Mohammad Kermanshahani Roohangiz Naderi Reza Fattahi Ahmad Khalighi

Low seed yield is a limiting factor for cross breeding and hybrid seed production in cyclamen. This study was performed to investigate pollen germination and its relation to cross-pollination success and fruit set in this plant. In order to achieve a high level of polle أکثر

Low seed yield is a limiting factor for cross breeding and hybrid seed production in cyclamen. This study was performed to investigate pollen germination and its relation to cross-pollination success and fruit set in this plant. In order to achieve a high level of pollen germination, the effect of different concentrations of chemical compounds were examined on in vitro pollen germination of cyclamen in modified Brewbaker and Kwack medium, containing sucrose (10 and 20%), calcium nitrate (0, 200 and 300 mg l-1), and boric acid (0, 100 and 200mg l-1 ) at two pH levels (5.5 and 6.5). Maximum pollen germination was obtained in media containing higher concentration of calcium and boron regardless of sucrose concentration and pH level. Pollen germination percentage was genotype-dependent. Cross-pollination was performed among four different genotypes characterized by various pollen germination percentages. There was a direct correlation between cross-pollination success and pollen germination percentage. Genotypes with 30% higher pollen germination led to 10% increase in fruit set. تفاصيل المقالة

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7 - ساختار گل‌آذین و میوه در گیاه سودا یا توت آمریکایی (Maclura pomira): مطالعه بکرزایی (پارتنوژنز) آن
رزا عرب فرخنده رضانژاد

10.30495/jdb.2023.1989907.1370

Maclura pomifera (تیره توت، Moraceae) که بنام سودا یا توت آمریکایی شناخته می‌شود درختی دو پایه، با ارتفاع حدود 8-5 متر است که میوه‌های آن شیرابه بسیار چسبناکی دارد. در مناطق مختلف شهر کرمان، همه پایه‌های مشاهده شده، ماده بودند که بدون وجود پایه نر، دانه تولید کردند. گزا أکثر

Maclura pomifera (تیره توت، Moraceae) که بنام سودا یا توت آمریکایی شناخته می‌شود درختی دو پایه، با ارتفاع حدود 8-5 متر است که میوه‌های آن شیرابه بسیار چسبناکی دارد. در مناطق مختلف شهر کرمان، همه پایه‌های مشاهده شده، ماده بودند که بدون وجود پایه نر، دانه تولید کردند. گزارش شده است که برخی گیاهان تیره توت، دارای قابلیت بکرزایی بوده و بدون فرایند لقاح، میوه و دانه تشکیل می‌دهند. در این مطالعه، ساختار گل‌آذین و گل بررسی شد و در زمان شکوفایی گل‌ها و پذیرندگی مادگی برای گرده‌افشانی، برخی گل‌ها با کاغذ مومی بسته شدند تا از گرده‌افشانی جلوگیری شود. حضور گرده در بافت‌های مادگی با میکروسکوپ فلورسنت بررسی شد. گل‌آذین ماده کروی متراکم و دارای حدود 70-60 گل با گلپوش (پریگون) تک‌ردیفی شبیه کاسبرگ‌ها است. کاسبرگ‌ها چهارتایی، ابتدا صورتی‌رنگ و طی نمو گوشتی و سبز می‌شوند که مادگی را احاطه و همراه با آن طی نمو تشکیل میوه شفت‌مانند را می‌دهند. مادگی تک برچه‌ای با خامه بلند و تک‌دانه‌ای می‌باشد. مجموعه میوه‌های شفت‌مانند گل‌آذین، میوه کاذب و مجتمع سیبی شکل (pomaceous) را ایجاد می‌کنند. مطالعه گل‌های بسته شده و باز نشان داد که اثری از دانه‌های گرده روی مادگی توسط رنگ آبی‌آنیلین دیده نشد. هر دو نوع میوه تشکیل شده از گل‌آذین‌های بسته و باز، حدود 18-8 دانه زایا تولید که در پرلیت بدون هیچ تیماری، دانه‌رست‌ها را تولید کردند. تشکیل دانه، بدون گرده‌افشانی و لقاح در این گونه، پدیده بکرزایی را تایید می‌نماید و این مطالعه، اولین گزارش در مورد رخداد بکرزایی در گونه مورد مطالعه است. تفاصيل المقالة

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8 - Flowering Features and Breeding Systems of Seven Native Salvia Species in Iran
Ghasem Esmaeili Majid Azizi Hossein Arouiee Jamil Vaezi

Before starting any classical breeding program on plants, it is necessary to dominate the fertilization behavior of that plant. Despite a large number of Salvia species in the flora of Iran, there is little information about the breeding system of this genus. In the cur أکثر

Before starting any classical breeding program on plants, it is necessary to dominate the fertilization behavior of that plant. Despite a large number of Salvia species in the flora of Iran, there is little information about the breeding system of this genus. In the current study, the flower specifications and breeding system of seven Salvia species (Lamiaceae) have been described during 2017-2018. Plants phenology and some flower features were recorded as well as hand pollination used for fertility investigation. The results showed that all species had long flowering periods. The highest flowering period (41 days) was observed in S. virgata. The most frequent pollinators were bees and flies. Salvia virgata and S. nemorosa showed about 90% survival to the new habitat. Two species including S. atropatana and S. syriaca had heterostylous flowers (long-styled morph). The results of manual pollination indicated that open pollination provided the best treatment with the highest average of seed set (73.63%) in all species. The seed set in the xenogamy treatment of different species and accessions was in the range of 10.2 (S. syriaca) to 32.5% (S. frigida). It was observed that seed set among different species in geitonogamy andspontaneous autogamy varied widely from 2.60 - 17.30% and 2.98 - 12.18%, respectively. It was concluded that Salvia species in the present study were relatively self-incompatible (ISI) and out-cross. They need pollinators to adequate fertility. They did not observe any correlations between ISI and heteromorphy. تفاصيل المقالة

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9 - Evaluation of Breeding Strategies for Pistachio Male Genotypes Based on Flowering Index, Pollen Traits, and Female Yield Elements
Mohammad Mahmoudi Meymand Mohammad Shamshiri Ahmad Raoufi

10.22034/jon.2021.1935273.1118

This study was carried out in the Khatam, Yazd province, Iran from the beginning of 2014 to the end of 2015. Phenological traits and pollen properties of some male pistachio genotypes ‘A1’, ‘A2’, ‘A3’, ‘A4’, ‘A5&rsqu أکثر

This study was carried out in the Khatam, Yazd province, Iran from the beginning of 2014 to the end of 2015. Phenological traits and pollen properties of some male pistachio genotypes ‘A1’, ‘A2’, ‘A3’, ‘A4’, ‘A5’, ‘A6’, ‘A7’, ‘A8’, ‘A9’, ‘N1’, ‘Mh1’, ‘G1’, ‘M1’, ‘M2’, and ‘F1’ were surveyed. To find the effect of pollen source on the nut traits of the resulting seeds as well as the initial fruit set, Xenia and Metaxenia were evaluated. Moreover, pistillate flowers of the ‘Akbari’ cultivar were crossed with different pollen sources. Results showed that pollen germination of male pistachio genotypes was various. Among all of the pistachio male genotypes, the highest pollen germination percentage was obtained from ‘M1’ (92.66%) followed by ‘Mh1’ (86.66%) and ‘G1’ (86.00%). There were also significant differences between cluster and pollen weight of different pollen sources. Based on our findings, among the studied genotypes, ‘M1’ had the longest pollen tube 391.6 (μm), as well as the maximum pollen tube growth rate of 39 (μm h-1). The longest flowering periods were recorded to be 10 days in ‘M1’ and 7 days in ‘Mh1’, while the shortest period was 4 days in genotype ‘A5’ and ‘A3’. A significant correlation was found between pollen grain characteristics and initial fruit set, pistachio ounce, nut blanking, and as well malformed fruits. Based on the results pollens of genotype ‘M1’ decreased the nut blanking and malformed fruits in ‘Akbari’ cultivar, pollens of genotype ‘Mh1’ improved the pistachio ounce, and genotype ‘G1’ increased the initial fruit set. تفاصيل المقالة

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10 - Potentiality of Anthropophily to Enhance Nut Production in Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Kartik Kandar Ujjwal Layek Prakash Karmakar

10.22034/jon.2023.2001026.1255

Cashew nuts are highly demandable due to their nutritional value and utility. However, yield is below the optimum level. Several strategies were deployed to overcome its low productivity, like artificial hybridization, hormone treatment and bee management. Here, for the أکثر

Cashew nuts are highly demandable due to their nutritional value and utility. However, yield is below the optimum level. Several strategies were deployed to overcome its low productivity, like artificial hybridization, hormone treatment and bee management. Here, for the first time, we assessed the impact of vitamin (e.g., folic acid) treatment and anthropophily pollination on cashew yield. We sprayed vitamins started before the blooming period and continued through the flowering period; recorded flowering patterns; performed hand-pollination; recorded fruit set and fruit quality parameters for different systems at the Vidyasagar University campus (in the Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal, India), during 2021–2023. Vitamin treatment significantly increased the number of flowers (both hermaphrodite and male flowers) development. Anthropophily pollination enhanced fruit set and nut quality (e.g., weight, length and breadth). Combined with vitamin treatment and anthropophily, it increases nut yield approximately five times compared to a non-manipulated system. While an additional cost is needed for human pollinators, the benefit-to-cost ratio in anthropophily pollination was high (i.e., 1.84: 1). Therefore, non-traditional human pollinators (i.e. anthropophily pollination) in addition to growth promoters (e.g., vitamins) utilization will be an effective strategy to increase the nut yield of cashew trees. تفاصيل المقالة

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11 - Self-incompatibility in the Iranian Almond Cultivar ‘Mamaei’ Using Pollen Tube Growth, Fruit Set and PCR Technique
A. Mousavi R. Babadaei R. Fatahi Z. Zamani F. Dicenta E. Ortega

10.22034/jon.2014.515684

Self-incompatibility has been studied by using controlled pollination, pollen tube growth and PCR methods in the Iranian almond ‘Mamaei.’. Pollen tube growth and fruit set following self and cross-pollination treatments were evaluated. The percentage of in أکثر

Self-incompatibility has been studied by using controlled pollination, pollen tube growth and PCR methods in the Iranian almond ‘Mamaei.’. Pollen tube growth and fruit set following self and cross-pollination treatments were evaluated. The percentage of initial and final fruit set was determined for each treatment at 30 and 60 days after controlled pollination. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth were assessed by fluorescence microscopy at different times after self and cross pollination. Results showed that the percentage of the final fruit set was 0% after self-pollination, while values of 16.34%, 17.22%, 19.12%, and 21.15% were determined after cross-pollination with ‘Azar’, ‘Rabie’, ‘Shahrood-21’, and ‘Sefied’ cultivars as pollen sources, respectively. After 192 hours, observation of pollen tube growth showed that the percentage of reached pollen tubes at the style base from cross-pollination was significant but there were not any reached pollen tubes from self-pollination. According to the results of controlled pollination and pollen tube growth ‘Mamaei’ is self-incompatible. S-RNase assay was used to confirm these results. PCR amplification of genomic DNA from ‘Mamaei’ with EM-PC2consFD and EM-PC3consRD primers revealed the presence of two DNA fragments of sizes around 850 bp and 1250 bp on agarose gels. The size of the smaller fragment is similar to that of S25 almond RNase, while the size of the other fragment is different from all S1-S30 RNase alleles. S-genotype can be regarded as S25S x , with Sx being a new SRNase allele. تفاصيل المقالة

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12 - Infuence of pollen source and pollination Time on Furit set of Ferragness Self-incompatibility Almond
M. Agajanlo A. Imani S. Piri pireivatlou K. Barzegar S..Hassan. Masomi S.H. Ava

10.22034/jon.2011.515773

Different experiments have showed that interruption in pollination is an important problem in most almond orchards.Asmost of the almond cultivars are self-incompatible,pollination cannot be performed desirably and as a result a failure in almond yield is occurred.Thus u أکثر

Different experiments have showed that interruption in pollination is an important problem in most almond orchards.Asmost of the almond cultivars are self-incompatible,pollination cannot be performed desirably and as a result a failure in almond yield is occurred.Thus under this circumstance,determination of selective cultivars compatibility and choosing appropriate pollinizers are so important in almond orchards establishment.Thus,in order to select of best pollinizer and also determining of pollination time influence on fruit set of ferragnes,an experiments in Horticulture research station of Kraj,based on random complete blick desing with three replication on trees 8 years old.Four cultivars of Tuono,Fragiulio,sahand and shelofeh selected as the pollinizer treatments for pollinating the ferragnes cultivar.In this test,used pollens,had high percent of germination(85%),before crossing.After pollination,in order to study of how formation of fruit,pollinated flowers wrer accounted in several times and did statistical accounts on them.Significant differences wrer also observed between pollination treatments for the mean values of the percentage of fruit set,with the higher value corresponding to fruit set from open-pollination 38.79% and it,s lowest with Tuono pollenizer with average of percent fruit set was 22.60% in final fruit set,not only threr was more different between pollenizars for fruit setting in Ferragnes almond in each stage of pollination after flower opening,but also it was observed more different between pollenizers for fruit setting in various stages of pollination after a range of flower opening times. تفاصيل المقالة

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13 - Effects of Supplementary Pollination on Qualitative and Quantitative Traits of Pistachio in Qazvin Region
N Ebrahimi S Piri A Imani S Kashanizadeh

10.22034/jon.2011.515736

In this study the artificial pollination of pistachio was investigated. Two types of pollen of local selective genotypes (Q1 and Q2) which were different pollinizers were used. The experiment had six treatments. Qazvini and Ohadi cultivars were pollinated with supplemen أکثر

In this study the artificial pollination of pistachio was investigated. Two types of pollen of local selective genotypes (Q1 and Q2) which were different pollinizers were used. The experiment had six treatments. Qazvini and Ohadi cultivars were pollinated with supplementary pollinations as treatment which was covered with cotton bag, natural pollination as a control which was not covered and two types of pollen of local selective genotypes (Q1 and Q2) which were prepared. Results showed that supplementary pollination had positive effects on fruit number per cluster and reduction of blank percentage. Supplementary pollination not only increased quantitative traits (Number of nut per cluster, Kernel dry weight and yield), but also it improved some qualitative traits such as unsplit nut percentage and reduced blank nut percentage in Qazvini and Ohady cultivars. تفاصيل المقالة

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14 - Xenia in Almonds: Pollen Source Effect on Characteristics of Some Iranian Late-Blooming Almonds and their self-Incompatibility
S. Alizadeh Salteh K. Arzani

10.22034/jon.2014.515695

The objective of this experiment was evaluation of self-compatibility and identification, introduction and selection of late flowering genotypes as cultivars. This experiment was carried out in order to determine the best pollinator for two commercial almond cultivars, أکثر

The objective of this experiment was evaluation of self-compatibility and identification, introduction and selection of late flowering genotypes as cultivars. This experiment was carried out in order to determine the best pollinator for two commercial almond cultivars, 'Shahrood 12' and 'Shahrood 21'. Applied pollinator cultivars were included pollen from 'Shahrood 21', 'Genco', 'Tuno', '5-15' and 'Super-nova' that were applied on 'Shahrood 21' mother trees, and 'Shahrood 12', 'FeilipCeo', 'Tuno', '5-15' and 'Super-nova'. Results showed no fruit formation in non-pollinated and self-pollinated flowers. Although, results from cross pollination using pollen from other cultivars showed higher fruit set using pollen of 'Genco' for 'Shahrood 21' , and '15-5' for 'Shahrood 12' cultivars. Samples were collected using pollinated flowers for further microscopic examinations. Field and microscopic examination of pollen tube growth in the style confirmed above results. The quantitative traits of fruits obtained of some known almond hybrids were assessed in order to evaluation of this phenomenon which known as xenia. The recorded traits were length (L), width (W), thickness (T) of fruits and seeds, and W/L and T/L ratios. تفاصيل المقالة

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15 - Self-incompatibility Studies of Some Iranian Late-Blooming Almonds and Pollen Source Effect on Some Characteristics of Nuts
S. Alizadeh-Salteh K. Arzani A. Imani

10.22034/jon.2012.515720

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate self-compatibility of two late blooming almond cultivars and identification and introduction of suitable pollinizers from late flowering genotypes, and evaluation of pollen source effect on fruit characteristics to earn h أکثر

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate self-compatibility of two late blooming almond cultivars and identification and introduction of suitable pollinizers from late flowering genotypes, and evaluation of pollen source effect on fruit characteristics to earn high quality nuts for Iranian almond industry. This experiment was carried out in order to determine the best pollinizer for two commercial almond cultivars, ‘Shahrood 12’ and ‘Shahrood 21’ (♀). pollen sources were ‘Shahrood 21’, ‘Genco’, ‘Tuno’, ‘5-15’ and ‘Supernova’ (♂) which were applied on ‘Sharood 21’ mother trees, and ‘Shahrood 12’, ‘Feilip Ceo’, ‘Tuno’, ‘5-15’ and ‘Super-nova’ (♂). The results showed no fruit formation in non-pollinated and self-pollinated flowers. However, the results from cross pollination using pollen from other cultivars showed higher fruit set using pollen of ‘Genco’ for ‘Shahrood 21’ , and ‘15-5’ for ‘Shahrood 12’ (♀) cultivars. The samples of pollinated flowers were collected for further microscopic examinations. In order to evaluate the effect of pollen sources, quantitative traits of nuts were measured. The recorded traits were length (L), width (W), thickness (T) of seeds, and W/L and T/L ratios. تفاصيل المقالة

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16 - Determining the Pollinizer for Pecan Cultivars
Fereidoon Ajamgard Majid Rahemi Kourosh Vahdati

10.22034/jon.2017.530391

This study was conducted to determine the best pollinizer for five selected pecan cultivars in southwest of Iran at Safiabad Agricultural Research Center in 2014-2015. The cultivars included: 'GraTex', '10J', 'Wichita 6J', 'GraKing', 'Choctaw' as pollinated cultivars (♀ أکثر

This study was conducted to determine the best pollinizer for five selected pecan cultivars in southwest of Iran at Safiabad Agricultural Research Center in 2014-2015. The cultivars included: 'GraTex', '10J', 'Wichita 6J', 'GraKing', 'Choctaw' as pollinated cultivars (♀) and 'GraTex', 'Peruque', 'Comanche 4M', '10J', 'Wichita 6J', 'Mohawk', 'Mahan', 'Stuart 2J', '3J', 'Stuart 4J', 'GraKing', 'Choctaw', 'Apache', '6M', 'Wichita 7J' and 'Comanche 5M.' as pollinizer cultivars (♂). In the first step, a pollination chart of cultivars was determined in two years. The pollination chart of cultivars showed that all the cultivars investigated during this study were dichogamous and also protogynous except for the 'Peruque'. ‘GraKing’ had the longest duration of shedding pollen. Pollination chart showed that 'Peruque', ‘GraKing’, and 'Stuart 2J' had flowering overlap with the selected cultivars. Pollen germination test showed that the germination ability was different among the cultivars. It was 45% for 'GraKing' and 35% for 'Peruque', which were both recommended as pollinizers in this study. '6M', 'GraTex' and 'Stuart 4J' cultivars had the highest pollen germination percentage of 65%, 60% and 60%, respectively. The results of controlled pollinationtest showed that different pollen sources had no significant effect on nuts per cluster but self-pollinated all of the cultivars significantly reduced fruit set in first and second years. Based on the present research, pollination in pecan orchard was necessary for adequate yield. Also, 'Peruque', 'GraKing' and 'Stuart 2J' were the best pollinizers for five selected cultivars in southwest of Iran. تفاصيل المقالة

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17 - Xenia and Metaxenia in Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.)
M. Golzari D. Hassani M. Rahemi K. Vahdati

10.22034/jon.2016.527095

In 2007 and 2008, the influence of pollen source on the shell and kernel traits of resulting seeds and on fruit set was examined to evaluate the potential for Xenia or Metaxenia in Persian walnut. Pistillate flowers of ‘Jamal’, ‘Chandler’, &lsquo أکثر

In 2007 and 2008, the influence of pollen source on the shell and kernel traits of resulting seeds and on fruit set was examined to evaluate the potential for Xenia or Metaxenia in Persian walnut. Pistillate flowers of ‘Jamal’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Hartley’ and ‘Pedro’ were crossed with the pollen of ‘Serr’, ‘Z60’ and ‘Damavand’. The pistillate flowers on each female parent were covered about one week before starting the reception period of the flowers, and the bags remained 7-10 days after pollination. The catkins of the male parents were collected just prior to pollen shedding, and they were kept in room temperature for 24- 48 hours. Collected pollen was refrigerated until use. Pollination was done when the stigmas were expanded and were pinkish in color. Data recording were started after removing the bags and measuring the percent of fruit set and recording the fruit growth and time of ripening. The fruits, nut and kernel weight, length, diameter, length to diameter, shell thickness, shell weight and kernel percentage were evaluated after harvest. The result showed that nut and kernel diameter, kernel weight, length to diameter, shell-thickness and shell weight were affected by pollen source. There were also significant differences in the fruit set of the different pollen parents. Pollens of ‘Damavand’ and ‘Z60’ significantly decreased the nut diameter and weight in some female parents. Total fat and protein content of kernels were significantly affected by the type of pollen parent. تفاصيل المقالة

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18 - Identification and Screening of Homozygous and Heterozygous Almond Progenies from Self-Pollinated Touno Cultivar Using PCR
P. Najafi A. Imani S.M. Miri M. Zinalabdini

10.22034/jon.2015.516326

Self-incompatibility is one of the most important difficulties in almond production which reduce fruit set dramatically and makes orchard management difficult. Therefore, breeding almond to produce self-compatible genotypes is very important. In this research identifica أکثر

Self-incompatibility is one of the most important difficulties in almond production which reduce fruit set dramatically and makes orchard management difficult. Therefore, breeding almond to produce self-compatible genotypes is very important. In this research identification and screening of 86 almond progenies obtained from selfing Touno after the self-pollination by PCR reaction with specific primers of CEBASf and AS1. PCR results confirmed the situation of self-compatible hybrids. In addition, it indicated that, frequencies of Sf, and S1 was 100% and 50% in progenies respectively. Self-compatible hybrids had been identified that can be used in almond breeding programs particularly to development the monoculture of almond orchards. So to identify and screening homozygous self-compatibility almonds be capable of be another step towards creating monoculture of almond and use in breeding programs further. تفاصيل المقالة

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19 - تعیین فاصله ایزولاسیون مناسب به منظور تولید بذر استاندارد پنبه رقم مهر در استان اردبیل
سیدیعقوب سیدمعصومی حسن سروی

10.22034/aej.2016.526687

چکیده   این پژوهش به منظور تعیین مناسبترین فاصله ایزولاسیون در مزارع تکثیر بذر پنبه به مدت دو سال زراعی و در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی مغان اجرا گردید. رقم مهر رقم رایج در منطقه به عنوان رقم والد مادری یا تلقیح شونده و دو ر أکثر

چکیده   این پژوهش به منظور تعیین مناسبترین فاصله ایزولاسیون در مزارع تکثیر بذر پنبه به مدت دو سال زراعی و در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی مغان اجرا گردید. رقم مهر رقم رایج در منطقه به عنوان رقم والد مادری یا تلقیح شونده و دو رقم اکرا برگ قرمز و برگ اکرا به عنوان والد پدری یا تلقیح کننده در نظر گرفته شد. ارقام نشانگر از هر دو طرف با والد مادری به فواصل 80، 160، 240 و 320، 400، 800، 1600 و 3040 سانتیمتر کاشته شدند. در سال دوم بذور به دست آمده از رقم پایه مادری، به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار کشت شده و پس از سبز شدن و رسیدن به مرحله 6 برگی، تعداد کل بوتهها و بوتههای دگرگشن شده شمارش و در نهایت درصد دگرگشنی برای فواصل مختلف ایزولاسیون محاسبه گردید. میانگین درصد دگرگشنی در فواصل مختلف ایزولاسیون در هر دو نشانگر همچنین فواصل ایزولاسیون و اثرات متقابل آنها اختلاف معنیداری با همدیگر نشان دادند. میزان دگرگشنی در فاصله ایزولاسیونی 80 سانتیمتری والد مادری از والد پدری برگ پهن قرمز و برگ قرمز اکرا به ترتیب 11 و 5/4% بود. در مجموع برای هر دو والد پدری برگ پهن قرمز و برگ قرمز اکرا در فاصله ایزولاسیونی 80 سانتیمتری بیشترین میزان دگرگشنی اتفاق افتاده ولی در فواصل ایزولاسیونی 80 سانتیمتر تا 400 سانتیمتر، میزان دگرگشنی به شدت کاهش یافته و صفر رسید.  نتایج بدست آمده وجود میزان ناچیز دگرگشنی در پنبه را تأیید کرده و ایده مناسبی را برای پژوهشگران در تولید بذور هیبرید و همچنین تولیدکنندگان بذر پنبه ارایه مینماید که با رعایت فاصله ایزولاسیونی حداکثر 4 متر بین ارقام مختلف می توان با اطمینان کامل بذر خالص و  استاندارد تولید کرد. تفاصيل المقالة

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