فهرس المقالات Filbert

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  1 - Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Iranians Populations of Hazlnut (Corylus avellana L.) Using SSR Markers
  Ahmad Ershadi Javad Farrokhi Toolir
  10.22034/jon.2022.1955752.1162
  Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is mainly cultivated in the north and northwest of Iran. In this study, the genetic structure and diversity of 52 hazelnut accessions were investigated using 9 simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from أکثر

  Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is mainly cultivated in the north and northwest of Iran. In this study, the genetic structure and diversity of 52 hazelnut accessions were investigated using 9 simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 3, with a total number of 19 alleles. The highest and lowest values of observed alleles were found in the Fandogloo-Ardabil (Na=2.22) and 6th population (Na=1.77), respectively. The highest and lowest effective alleles were observed in Fandogloo-Gilan (Ne=1.94) and Hatammeshasi (Ne=1.56) populations, respectively. The highest value of the Shanon index (I=50%) was found in Hatammeshasi. A high level of genetic diversity, including expected heterozygosity (He), was found in Hatammeshasi population (He=0.50), while the highest value of observed heterozygosity (Ho) was found in Talesh population (Ho =0.25). The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.87 to 0.98 per locus. The mean values of PIC, Fis, and Fst for all loci were 0.88, 0.53, and 0.15, respectively. Overall, gene flow between populations (Nm=1.57) was observed in the studied populations. The highest correlations (r=0.94, p<0.05) were observed between the Eshkavar and Fandogloo-Gilan, and Hatammeshasi and Fandogloo-Ardabil populations. Regarding the X2 test at p<0.05, the studied populations did not follow the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Cluster analysis based on UPGMA method divided hazelnut genotypes into four groups. The results confirm that SSR is a reliable DNA marker that can be used to accurately study genetic diversity in hazelnut populations. تفاصيل المقالة
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  2 - Study on Nut Shell Lignification Progress in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cv. Segorbe
  Julien Toillon Julie Robin Maud Thomas Rachid Hamidi
  10.22034/jon.2022.1970774.1200
  Seed protection is a key element in plant survival and plant dispersion. In hazelnuts, shell lignification begins from the tip to the basal scar. Therefore, hardening time is a race between seed survival against environmental stress. While new pests and stochastic weath أکثر

  Seed protection is a key element in plant survival and plant dispersion. In hazelnuts, shell lignification begins from the tip to the basal scar. Therefore, hardening time is a race between seed survival against environmental stress. While new pests and stochastic weather events are increasing, fundamental shell lignification features are missing in the common Segorbe cultivar. In this purpose, progress of lignification was studied using hardness and morphological changes in fresh and dried Segorbe hazelnuts collected weekly in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The growing degree days (GDD) were calculated for key lignification process stages. In dried hazelnuts, the lignification process causes morphological deformation lead to belted hazelnut symptoms. Lignification increased progressively from week 22 (1353.6 GDD) to week 26 (1353.6 GDD). Shell length was 48–84% of their final size. The shell was fully lignified at week 27 with a kernel size of 4.99±0.32 mm. In fresh nuts, shell size increased from 83 to 92%, and hardening increased by a factor of 2.85, reaching 21 kgf, between weeks 25 and 26 (2272.8 GDD), with a kernel size of 4.75±2.05 mm. Lignification occurs in four weeks. When kernel size is ~5 mm, and shell growth ends, a hard wall protects the kernel from stressors. Belted hazelnut symptoms, reflected in the ratio of lignified and shriveled shell parts, and shell hardness, are discussed in the context of the susceptibility of Segorbe cultivars to environmental stressors. تفاصيل المقالة